Pycnonotus xanthopygos | UAE National Red List of Birds

Taxa
Pycnonotus xanthopygos | (Ehrenberg, 1833)
Location
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Scope (Assessment)
National
Taxon
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Birds
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is a common resident of the mountains in the northern and eastern part of the UAE (Pedersen et al. 2017). Isolated populations in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, which became established in the 1980s, are thought to potentially originate from escaped or released cage birds, but the species is also native to the UAE;(Jennings 2010, Pedersen et al. 2017). While there is concern that this species might hybridize with other bulbul species in the UAE, evidence for this is lacking (Jennings 2010).
Habitats and Ecology
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The main habitat of this species are wadis and acacia scrub (Jennings 2010). It is also frequently found in well-vegetated parks, gardens and palm groves (Aspinall and Porter 2011). It feeds mostly on fruit, as well as on seeds and invertebrates and less frequently on nectar, leaves and flowers (Fishpool and Tobias 2005, Jennings 2010). Occasionally, it takes human food scraps and visits bird tables (Jennings 2010). Pairs establish a permanent bond. The breeding season can last from January to September, but peaks between March and April. There are hints that the species is double-brooded, but confirmation is still lacking (Jennings 2010). Clutches usually consist of less than three eggs, although occasionally four or five have been observed (Jennings 2010). The nest is a cup or small basket of thin twigs, grass stems, moss and leaves with the base constructed of broad leaves (sometimes with newspaper, strips of plastic or cotton wool) and the structure is held together by cobwebs and cotton threads, lined after a fashion with hair, shredded bark and rootlets, apparently sometimes unlined (Fishpool and Tobias 2005, Jennings 2010). It is placed in a bush or tree at least 2 m above ground (Jennings 2010).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Near Threatened
Assessment status abreviation
NT
Assessment status criteria
C2a(ii)
Assessment rationale/justification
The species is suspected to have declined in the UAE since 1996, and the overall population size within the country is now thought to number <10,000 mature individuals. This qualifies it for listing as Near Threatened under criterion C2a(ii).
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
Development of montane areas is thought to be a key threat to the species. Introduced bulbuls might have some local impacts on the species as a competitor (Aspinall 1996) [note Aspinall (1996) refers to White-cheeked Bulbul, Pycnonotus leucogenys,;but it is assumed here that this refers to White-eared Bulbul, P. leucotis, per Pedersen et al. (2017)]. Overgrazing outside of Protected Areas could be an additional threat.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
The major threat (and likely primary driver of any population decline in this species ) - development in wadis - has commenced since 1996, so the suspected population decline is likely to have started since 1996. Therefore, it is assessed that in a 1996 assessment the species would have been deemed to be Least Concern.
Scientific Name Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus
Pycnonotus xanthopygos Animalia Chordata Aves Passeriformes Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus