The Smooth Hammerhead is a coastal-pelagic and semi-oceanic species that occurs on the continental shelf, to at least 200 m depth, with large individuals often found over deep reefs on the edge of the shelf (Smale 1991, Ebert et al. 2013). Despite its widespread occurrence, there are only limited published biological data on this species. It attains a maximum size of 370-400 cm total length (TL) (Ebert et al. 2013, Weigmann 2016). Stevens (1984) reported that off the east coast of Australia males mature at about 250-260 cm TL and females at about 265 cm TL with parturition and ovulation occurring between January and March. The gestation period off eastern Australia would appear to be 10-11 months. Castro and Mejuto (1995) reported 21 gravid females with a mean litter size of 33.5 from the waters of western Africa. Off eastern Australia, Stevens (1975) reported litter sizes between 20-49 (mean 32). The sex ratio of embryos is 1:1 (Stevens 1984, Castro and Mejuto 1995). Compagno (1984) and Compagno et al. (2005) gave the size at birth as 50-61 cm. Smale (1991) and Doño (2008) reported juveniles with open umbilical scars from South Africa at sizes between 59 and 63 cm, and from Uruguay between 49 and 55 cm TL, respectively. Although maximum age has yet to be determined for this species, it is thought that the lifespan of the Smooth Hammerhead may be 20 years or longer (FLMNH 2008). Generation length is estimated at 24 years based on that for the Scalloped Hammerhead (S. lewini), which reaches a similar size (Drew et al. 2015).