United Arab Emirates

Official name
United Arab Emirates
ISO alpha-2 code
AE
ISO alpha-3 code
ARE
ISO numeric-3 code
784
Continent
Asia

Heremites septemtaeniatus | UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This is a diurnal skink that lives in vegetation and its diet may include insects (Gardner 2013). On Jernain Island, the species was found living amongst irrigated ornamental plants near the shoreline, and at Al Qua'a they are around a small building in the fodder fields (Gardner 2013). There is limited information on its life history.
Taxon
Taxa
Heremites septemtaeniatus | (Reuss, 1834)
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Reptiles
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxonomic Notes
This taxon was previously included within Trachylepis aurata, as the subspecies T. a. septemtaeniata and T. a. transcaucasica. Following the validation of T. septemtaeniata as a full species (Mausfeld and Schmitz 2003, Moravec et al. 2006) the western range limit of this species in Anatolia (where T. aurata also occurs) is in need of clarification. This account provisionally follows the distribution provided in Sindaco and Jeremäenko (2008).Karin et al. (2016) now place this species in the genus Heremites.
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species has only been found on Marawah and Jernain islands off the coast, and in fodder fields at Al Qua'a, south of Al Ain (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). The latter record near Al Ain is almost certainly an introduction and the origin of the species in the UAE overall is uncertain. They occur from sea level to 200 m asl.The native range of this species is uncertain due to extensive and long-term introductions. The native range is likely to include to Iran, Iraq and Syria, north to Central Asia, and southeast to the northern Arabian Peninsula.
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Data deficient
Assessment status abreviation
DD
About the assessment
Assessment year
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates it has only been found in anthropogenic habitats on two off-shore islands and at Al Qua'a, south of Al Ain. This species is listed as Data Deficient due to insufficient data. Its distribution is currently only associated with ornamental gardens and cultivated land, which suggests the possibility that it was introduced, and its origin in the UAE remains uncertain.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
Threats to the species are unknown.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
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Teratoscincus keyserlingii | UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
A medium-sized gecko, it is a nocturnal and solitary species. It is mainly a psammophilus species (often found between sand dunes). It is largely recorded from fine, silty soils, loose sand, salt-encrusted sand, sand mixed with gravel, occasionally also recorded on hard clayey soil (Minton Jr 1966, Anderson 1999, Szczerbak and Golubev 1996). The areas of occupancy have varying vegetation from dry open woodland through sparse scrubland and to dry grassland (Anderson 1999). The species is associated with vegetated areas.Animals live in burrows of about 25 to 40 cm depth; they are also used as shelters in the summer and winter (Minton Jr 1966). The female lays several clutches of one or two eggs annually (Szczerbak and Golubeve 1996). Longevity in the species has been recorded as between 17-23 years in captivity. The species attains reproductive age at two to three years and breeds for many years before attaining senescence. Given that longevity in the wild is likely to be lower than in captivity, the generation length is estimated at 10-15 years.
Taxon
Taxa
Teratoscincus keyserlingii | Strauch, 1863
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Reptiles
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxonomic Notes
Macey et al. (2005) conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Teratoscincus and concluded on genetic grounds that T. keyserlingi (until then regarded as a subspecies of T. scincus) should be considered a valid species. This author did not, however, conduct any morphological work to determine whether the proposed arrangement represented a morphologically diagnosable species (P. Uetz pers. comm. 2013). Subsequently, Wagner et al. (2016) noted that most Afghan records of this species appear to be referable to T. keyserlingi. These authors note that the assignment of Afghan records to the two taxa is ""complicated"", although they recognize both as distinct species occurring in Afghanistan.Nazarov et al. (2017) subsequently elevated the isolated Fergana Valley form T. s. rustamowi to specific status based on both molecular and morphological methods and clarified range limits within Teratoscincus as presently understood. Although the Arabian subpopulation of this species is isolated and restricted to the United Arab Emirates, Teratoscincus keyserlingii from Bandar-e-Abas in Iran and the United Arab Emirates are genetically similar.
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species is found in severely fragmented populations from Ras Al Khaimah to Abu Dhabi in the sandy deserts from sea level to 200 asl (Burriel-Carranza et al. submitted). The population comprises four distinct subpopulations that are genetically the same from 15 known locations. The populations are considered to be severely fragmented due to the development of urban areas and the construction of roads. Combining historic records with the results from 2012-2017 surveys (Soorae et al. 2018) clearly indicated areas where the species is now extinct.Globally, the species distribution ranges from the United Arab Emirates (Sindaco and Jeremäenko 2008, Gardner 2009), to Iran (Baig and Masroor 2008, Gholamifard et al. 2015), western Pakistan (Khan 2002) and southwestern Afghanistan (Nazarov et al. 2017). It is found from sea level to around 1,500 m asl. A sight record reported from near Doha in 1973 (Arnold 1977) has never been confirmed and should be discounted (Gardner 2013). Cogalniceanu et al 2014 during their preliminary report on the distribution of the lizard in Qatar could also not confirm the species extant.
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Critically endangered
Assessment status abreviation
CR
Assessment status criteria
A3c+4c
About the assessment
Assessment year
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is found in scattered populations from Abu Dhabi to Ras Al Khaimah in the sandy deserts. Both the area of occupancy (216 km<sup>2</sup>) and the extent of occurrence (EOO 6,531 km<sup>2</sup>) and are restricted. The population is considered severely fragmented as a result of habitat loss and fragmentation caused by development and road construction, especially in coastal areas. A continuing decline in the number of mature individuals of at least 80% has been observed, and this is projected to continue into the future, based on ongoing declines in AOO and the extent and quality of habitat.The species is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR A3c+4c) based on a suspected future population decline of at least 80% in the next three generation lengths (30-45 years), and on a similar level of decline over a timeframe of three generation-lengths that commenced in the 1990s. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
Major threats include habitat loss and severe fragmentation due to roads, development and urbanisation. Minor threats include driving off-road to target animals due to local stigma, and predation by feral cats. The major threats are ongoing and predicted to increase in the future and likely to affect the majority of the population (up to 90%).Due to its nocturnal activity in habitats away from residential areas, T. keyserlingii is an unknown species for most people, so has no local name. Villagers enter their livestock into these areas for grazing on the short grass cover. Most likely some aspects of behaviour and ecology of T. keyserlingii such as antipredator behaviour of hiding in the bushes, availability of insect prey, multidimensional interactions of this gecko with its insect prey and host plants of its prey, etc. are affected by feeding of livestock on the herbaceous cover of these areas (Gholamifard et al. 2015).Collection for the international pet trade is a threat to this species.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
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Cerastes gasperettii | UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is found in desert and semi-desert areas, preferably with some sand (Gardner 2013).It is a nocturnal and terrestrial animal that may bask on winter days. It often partially buries itself in soft sand by shuffling sand to the sides with its flattened body until only the eyes, horns and snout show above the surfaces. It moves by sidewinding and may cover distances of up to one kilometre a night in search of food (Gardner 2013). Its diet includes rodents such as jerboas and gerbils, lizards and birds (Gardner 2013). Its oviparous with females laying 4-20 eggs which are round shaped and soft leathery, with an incubation period of 60-65 days. Not all individuals have a single enlarge scale (horn) above each eye, this occurrence is not limited to any specific locality as both horned and non-horned specimens can be found within the same area.
Taxon
Taxa
Cerastes gasperettii | Leviton & Anderson, 1967
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Reptiles
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxonomic Notes
Originally assessed for the UAE as the nominate subspecies, Cerastes gasperettii ssp. gasperettii Leviton & Anderson, 1967, but assessment moved to the species-level as only the nominate subspecies is present in the UAE. Indeed, the status of subspecies Cerastes gasperettii ssp. mendelssohni has been under dispute and the general consensus is that it might not be valid (J. Els pers. comm. 2018).
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is widespread throughout the sandy regions from Ras al Khaimah to the Saudi Arabian border (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press) from sea level to 400 m asl.Globally, the species distribution range includes the United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Oman, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, western Iran and Iraq.
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Least Concern
Assessment status abreviation
LC
About the assessment
Assessment year
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species is widespread throughout the sandy regions from Ras al Khaimah to the Saudi Arabian border. The species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, large population, presence in several Protected Areas throughout its range, and as it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
There are no major threats to the species, although parts of its distribution range are subject to urban and road development, and it may be persecuted as with all snakes.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
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Acanthodactylus blanfordii | UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The species is found on sandy coastal plains and low dunes with sparse vegetation (Gardner 2013). It is a diurnal species that preys on invertebrates. Sexual maturity is reached in one year and the breeding season is during spring and summer (Gardner 2013). Burrows are mostly located near vegetation.
Taxon
Taxa
Acanthodactylus blanfordii | Boulenger, 1918
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Reptiles
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species was reported from the United Arab Emirates for the first time by Gardner (2005), where it is so far known only from Khor Kalba in the Emirate of Sharjah (Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). It occurs from sea level to 100 m asl in a single location.Globally, this species ranges from southeastern Iran (Sistan and Baluchistan, and Kerman provinces to southwestern Pakistan (western Baluchistan and along the Makran coast; Khan 2006), southern Afghanistan and the northern coast of Oman (Batinah region) (Anderson 1999, Carranza et al. 2018). It is found from around sea level to 1,400 m asl. In Oman, this lizard is confined to low-lying coastal areas, where it is known from fewer than ten localities over an area of around 14,450 km<sup>2</sup>.
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Vulnerable
Assessment status abreviation
VU
Assessment status criteria
D1
About the assessment
Assessment year
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is currently known from a single location, Khor Kalba in the Emirate of Sharjah. The species has an extensive distribution on the Batinah coastal plain of Oman. Significant past threats have ceased since the designation of most of its range in the UAE as a protected area, however, the threats would immediately return if the designation was removed, or if management became inadequate. The species has a very restricted area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurrence (EOO) and it is limited to a single locality within the United Arab Emirates which makes it prone to effects of human activities.The species is listed as Vulnerable (D1) due to the population size, which is suspected to be much less than 1,000 mature individuals. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
Within the UAE, the habitat of this species at Khor Kalba is now improving since designation as a protected area. Prior to that, threats included recreational activities, fisheries activities (with the beach used for access and for fish-drying), and recreational driving on the dunes and beach, which had significant impacts on the species.There are no major threats to this widespread and adaptable species globally. In Oman, where the species is localized and confined to coastal areas, it is likely to be at high risk from coastal development, for example around Muscat. Some known sub-populations may already have been lost.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
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Hemidactylus persicus | UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species naturally inhabits rocky areas in arid regions (Qarn Nazwa population), including those in limestone outcrops where it clings to cliffs, boulders and bushes (Gardner 2013). Apparently not a house gecko in Arabia, though it has occasionally been found in houses (Gardner 2013). It is nocturnal and females lay two hard-shelled eggs glued to rock surfaces or in secure crevices.
Taxon
Taxa
Hemidactylus persicus | Anderson, 1872
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Reptiles
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxonomic Notes
Hemidactylus persicus was described by Anderson in 1872 based on specimens collected from Shiraz, Iran; its type locality is restricted to Shiraz (Smith 1935). Morphologically typical animals occur in northeast Saudi Arabia (as far south as Al-Hofuf and perhaps ar-Riyadh), in Bahrain, Kuwait, and lowland Iraq, southern Iran, Pakistan and Gujarat (India) (Smith 1935, Anderson 1999, Minton Jr. 1966, Leviton et al. 1992, Vyas et al. 2006, Sindaco and Jeremäenko 2008). They are characterized by relatively small size (up to 67 mm SVL), a low number of lamellae under the 1st toe of pes (mean 8.8, 8-“9) and relatively numerous prenatal pores in males (mean 9.2, 8-“11) arranged in a V-shaped line in front of the vent (Carranza and Arnold 2012).
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is known from Qarn Nazwa and two of the islands (Dalma and Sir Bani Yas; Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press), and from recent records of the species within the Dubai city area, which are presumed to be introduced. It is found from sea level to 200 m asl. Whilst the origin of this species in the UAE requires confirmation, the species was first found at Qarn Nazwa prior to widespread development that led to species introductions, and it is considered to be native to UAE at present.The global distribution of this species ranges from the Arabian Peninsula to Iraq, southern Iran (Khuzestan, Fars, Kerman and Balochistan Provinces) and Pakistan (Sind and Waziristan) (Minton 1966, Anderson 1999). It exhibits a marginal occurrence in India, where it has recently been reported from Jessore, Gujarat (Vyas et al. 2006). It is found from lowland areas to around 1,000 m asl (Minton 1966). It has been reported from northwestern Oman, close to the border with the UAE (Carranza et al. 2018).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Vulnerable
Assessment status abreviation
VU
Assessment status criteria
D1
About the assessment
Assessment year
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is known from Qarn Nazwa, the Dubai city area (where it is considered to be introduced), and from two offshore islands (Dalma and Sir Bani Yas). The species has a restricted extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO), however, the population trend at present, based on the Qarn Nazwa locality, is presumed to be stable. At Qarn Nazwa, it is thought likely that there are fewer than 1,000 mature individuals, whilst the populations on the islands, if native, are small. As a result, the species is assessed as Vulnerable (VU D1) on the basis of the restricted number of mature individuals. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).Further research into the distribution and origin of the species in the UAE is required, and monitoring of the population at Qarn Nazwa is essential.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
There appear to be no major threats to this species at Qarn Nazwa, where it occurs within a protected area. The island populations need further research.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
Off

Stenodactylus slevini | UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species prefers hard substrates such as consolidated sand and alluvial or gravel plains from sea level to 300 m asl (Gardner 2013). It is a ground-dwelling and nocturnal species that digs burrows in firm ground near or under vegetation and can be found under construction debris (Gardner 2013).
Taxon
Taxa
Stenodactylus slevini | Haas, 1957
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Reptiles
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is known from the Lisaili, Ras Ghanada, Taweelah and Sweihan areas, and then westwards through Baynunah and Ruwais to the edge of the Sabkhat Matti (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). It occurs from sea level to 300 m asl. This species has been recorded from northwestern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, southern Iraq, scattered records in parts of the United Arab Emirates, Jordan and Yemen (Sindaco and Jeremäenko 2008). It is found from sea level to around 1,000 m asl.
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Least Concern
Assessment status abreviation
LC
About the assessment
Assessment year
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
There are no major threats to this species, although urbanisation impacts some areas.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
Off

Rhagerhis moilensis | UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Found in gravel and stony deserts, sandy plains, desert margins, sandy coastal regions, and in cultivated and urban areas (Gardner 2013). Apparently absent from the deep sand deserts and mountains (Gardner 2013). It is normally diurnal but crepuscular or nocturnal during the summer.This species is capable of moving large amounts of sand by active shovelling with the head and neck, pushing the sand aside with sideways movements with the head bent downwards, and can thus make shelters under stones or logs (Gardner 2013). When disturbed, the snake threatens by lifting the front third of the body off the ground and flattening the neck into a narrow hood. It predates on lizards, small mammals and other snakes (Gardner 2013). Breeding is during summer and spring, with females laying a clutch of 4-18 eggs (Gardner 2013). The species is known to polish its scales with an oily secretion from the outside of the nasal flap beside the nostrils (Gardner 2013), the purpose of which is unknown but presumed to reduce water loss or act as a chemical communication.
Taxon
Taxa
Rhagerhis moilensis | (Reuss, 1834)
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Reptiles
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxonomic Notes
This species is widely known under the generic name Malpolon (although it was included in the genus Scutophis by Geniez et al. 2004). Kelly et al. (2008) found that this species is genetically distinct from other members of Malpolon, but took no taxonomic action. Investigating the nomenclatural history of this snake, Böhme and de Pury (2011) resurrected the genus Rhagerhis for this taxon, a name previously (and erroneously) considered to be unavailable. Rhagerhis appears to be nested within Malpolon (Figueroa et al. 2016), but Uetz et al. (2019) notes that this apparent synonymy not been widely adopted.Rhamphiophis maradiensis, described from Niger, is now understood to be a junior synonym of R. moilensis (Trape and Mané 2006, I. Ineich pers. comm. 2013), although this treatment has been disputed (L. Chirio pers. comm. in Uetz et al. 2019).
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species has a wide distribution from Ras al Khaimah in the north towards Sila in Abu Dhabi in the south and further inland to Al Ain (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). It occurs from sea level to 300 m asl., and is not found in the Hajar Mountains.This widespread species ranges from Mauritania, Western Sahara and Morocco in the west, through much of northern and Saharan Africa to the Red Sea coast of Egypt, Sudan (where it has been recorded from Suakin; Largen 1997) and Eritrea (Hasmet; Largen 1997), Israel, southeastern Jordan, southern Syria, Iraq, southern Iran (Khuzestan Province and Hormozgan Province) and most of the Arabian Peninsula. In West Africa, it has a seemingly disjunct distribution in parts of Mauritania, central and northern Mali, and Niger, with a marginal occurrence in northwest Nigeria (Trape and Mané 2006). It can be found up to 1,500 m asl.
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Least Concern
Assessment status abreviation
LC
About the assessment
Assessment year
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is widespread in the northern parts of the United Arab Emirates, although absent from the Hajar Mountains. It is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population size, and because it is adaptable and subject to no major threats. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
There appear to be no major threats to this species as a whole. Some animals are killed in residential areas or accidentally on roads. The species may be persecuted as with all snakes.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

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Schoenus nigricans | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is a perennial sedge, rush-like with creeping rhizomes, found in and near freshwater (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Al Meharibi et al. 2019), in gravel wadi beds with shallow groundwater, and other freshwater features such as seepages and springs (Feulner 2011). In Wadi Wurayah, it is found beside small springs and pools, and in low numbers around the waterfall (Feulner 2016).
Taxon
Taxa
Schoenus nigricans | L.
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This is an occasional species that is found near groundwater in wadis or springs in the Hajar Mountains in the eastern UAE (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is more common in the Hajar Mountains than in the Ru'us al-Jibal, where it is known from a single site ('Ayn as-Sih; Feulner 2011) in Oman. This plant species has a cosmopolitan global distribution (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Least Concern
Assessment status abreviation
LC
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is found in the Hajar Mountains in the eastern UAE. It is relatively common in suitable habitat, and whilst its freshwater habitat (groundwater-fed streams and seepages, pools and wet areas) are susceptible to over-abstraction of groundwater and declines in rainfall, the species is considered Least Concern at present.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
The species would be susceptible to the over-abstraction of ground and surface water, however, the scope and impact of this within the range of the species in the UAE are not known. Long term declines in rainfall as a result of climate change is likely to impact the species.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

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Ruppia maritima | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The 1991 specimen was collected from a brackish, artificial pool c. 0.25 m deep (<a href=""http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00325788"">RBG Edinburgh Herbarium</a>).
Taxon
Taxa
Ruppia maritima | L.
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxonomic Notes
The taxonomy of Ruppia is not completely clear and there are some anomalous populations (e.g. in western Ireland) which do not conform well to described taxa.
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The species was collected from the UAE, in 1991, from a pool along the Sweihan Road (Abu Dhabi Emirate, c. 35 km east of Abu Dhabi International airport; Western 1992; <a href=""http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00325788"">RBG Edinburgh Herbarium</a>). However, due to development in this area, it may now be the case that this temporary pool no longer exists. The species has an almost global distribution (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Data Deficient
Assessment status abreviation
DD
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
The species appears to be known from a single record in the UAE from 1991. This locality may no longer exist due to its status as a temporary pool, and therefore confirmation of this species' distribution within the UAE is required prior to assessing. For now, it is considered Data Deficient.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
The species would be susceptible to the loss of surface water, however, the scope and impact of this within the range of the species in the UAE is not known.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
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Phragmites australis | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This perennial reed species is known to inhabit wetland habitats, such as brackish water pools, lakes, swamps and canal banks (Karim and Dakheel 2006, Llewellyn-Smith 2012, Mahmoud et al. 2018). Phragmites australis is described as sensitive to water movement which is why it prefers standing bodies of water (Perry 2008). It also considered to be extremely salt-tolerant (Karim and Dakheel 2006, Qureshi 2017). The hollow stems of the plant can reach up to 4 m in height and has flat leaves in addition to silver/purple inflorescence spikes which flower between January and October (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006).
Taxon
Taxa
Phragmites australis | (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxonomic Notes
This has been treated at times as a monospecific genus or a number of different species within the genus. It is extremely variable and many subordinate taxa have been described (e.g. TROPICOS lists 199 synonyms for this name). TROPICOS lists this taxon as P. communis Trin. by which name it was formerly known in the UK. There is a degree of uncertainty over the taxonomic status of this species, some authorities consider that there is only species worldwide (e.g. T.A. Cope pers. comm.), however, a number of taxa are generally recognized (e.g. The Plant List). As a consequence of this uncertainty, it is very difficult to establish the true distribution of the various taxa. This assessment uses a combination of the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families and the Invasive Species Compendium (CABI International) to derive a country list, however, it is not certain that this list is comprehensive.
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the UAE, it is known to occur in Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, R'as al-Khaimah and Fujairah (Böer and Saenger 2006, Karim and Dakheel 2006). It has also been recorded from offshore islands of Abu Dhabi (Sakkir et al. 2017). Al Mehairbi et al. (2019) show its presence through the Hajar Mountains and in scattered localities, including in and around Abu Dhabi city, but do not show presence on the islands. The species is listed as an introduced landscape plant by MoCCaE (O. Al Shamsi pers. comm. 2018). Globally, the native range of this species spans across temperate, subtropical and tropical mountain areas (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Least Concern
Assessment status abreviation
LC
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is relatively widespread throughout the UAE and can be found growing in both freshwater and brackish water bodies of a range of sizes. It is extremely salt-tolerant and is considered to be common in general. Therefore, this species is assessed as Least Concern.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
There is no information available.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
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