The population size wasestimated to consist of 50,000 individuals in 1975 and 60,000 in 1985, falling to 20,000individuals by 1994 (Reading et al., 1997), and continuing to decline to 13,000-15,000individuals by 2001 (Amgalanbaatar et al., 2002a). This represents a 72% decline over thepast 26 years (Zahler et al., 2004). Generation length has been estimated as fi ve years basedon data from Nowak (1991). This species qualifi es as Endangered under Criterion A2acde,based on observed declines of greater than 50% over the past three generations, primarily dueto exploitation, but also resulting from competition for resources and habitat loss/degradation.As the causes of decline are expected to continue over the next three generations, Ovis ammonalso qualifi es as Endangered under Criterion A3cde. The assessment remains unchangedfollowing application of regional criteria as there is no signifi cant immigration from adjacentcountries.