In the UAE, the species is restricted to the central and western side of the Hajar Mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003) and associated gravel plains and wadis (MEW 2010). There is also a record (Sharjah Seedbank & Herbarium) from Al Shuwaib, Abu Dhabi Emirate. The species is not recorded from Wadi Wurayah National Park (WWNP) but does occur in the buffer zone, in the upper Wadi Abadilah (Feulner 2016). The species is also recorded for Jebel Hafeet (Karim and Fawzi 2007). The global range of this species is from northern Africa, the eastern Mediterranean, through the Arabian Peninsula (the Gulf States and Saudi Arabia) to India (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

The species is widespread in the Hajar Mountains and within the parts of the Ru'us al-Jibal within the UAE (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Feulner 2011). The native range of the species is from Macaronesia, through North Africa (and south to South Africa and Madagascar) to north-west India (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019). The species is found throughout Oman, but especially common in northern Oman (S. Ghazanfar pers. comm. 2019). Elsewhere in the Arabian Peninsula found in Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen (S. Ghazanfar pers. comm. 2019).

In the UAE, this species is reported from the Hajar Mountains and adjacent foothills and gravel plains (MEW 2010) and Wadi Al Ain (Mousa and Fawzi 2009), however there are few precise locality data and the species was not specifically recognised by Jongbloed et al. (2003). There are a small number of records from the southern Hajar Mountains near Al Wa'ab, and from Al Ain (Sharjah Seedbank & Herbarium, RBG Kew seed survey data. RBG Edinburgh hold a number of records of this species, all of which have later been redetermined as T. enetotrichium. The global range of this species is across northern and Central Africa, through the Arabian Peninsula, and east to India (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

There are few records of this species from the UAE. Jongbloed et al. (2003) mention two records from mountains around Hatta. <a href=""http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00115616"">RBGE Herbarium hold a specimen from Jebel Hafeet</a> (rocky slopes on hard limestone, 700-1,000 m asl; coll. J.R. Edmondson, 1980), and the species was recorded again from the mountain in 2005 (especially from Wadi Tarabat; Brown 2005). No recent records from either Jebel Hafeet nor from the Hatta area have been found. The native range of this species is from Macaronesia (Canary Islands) across North Africa, to southern Iran (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

Within the UAE, this species can be found in the Hajar Mountains (Feulner 2011). It has been recorded from medium to high elevations (Feulner 2011). Globally, the native range of this species spans from Egypt and Eritrea, through to the Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan and temperate Asia (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

Within the UAE, this species has been recently described at Jebel Hafeet (Sakkir and Brown 2013). It also appears to occur within the Hajar Mountains and the Ru'us al-Jibal (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Globally, the native range of this species spans across the Sahara in northern Africa, through to the Arabian Peninsula and through to Pakistan and southern European Russia (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

Within the UAE, this species occurs in scattered locations (Jongbloed et al. 2003). In the Ru'us al-Jibal, it can be found at two sites, near to previously cultivated areas, at 1,200 and 1,500 m elevation (Feulner 2011). Globally, the native range of this species spans from Egypt to the Arabian Peninsula, European Russia and central China (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

Within the UAE, the species is considered to occur in scattered locations (MEW 2010). RBGE herbarium hold records from two localities (north of Al Ain, Dubai Emirate and from Al Buraidah, Sharjah Emirate), and Fawzi and Ksiksi (2012) recorded the species from Jebel Hafeet. Globally, the native range of this species spans across Africa, Europe, temperate Asia and tropical Asia (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

In the past, there has been confusion as to whether this species concept should also include individuals previously listed under Heliotropium kotschyi, in addition to unclear differences between the two potential species (Brown et al. 2007). In agreement with G.R. Feulner (pers. comm. 2019), here, we treat H. bacciferum as a distinct species. This species is described as occurring in the Ru'us al-Jibal, Al Ain region and offshore islands (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Feulner 2011, Sakkir et al. 2017, D. Aplin pers. comm. 2019). Feulner (2011) refers to H. bacciferum as the 'montane' species when compared to H. kotschyi, however there is agreement that both species may be found along the coast. H. bacciferum has also been recorded from Al Hamriyah (Sharjah Seedbank & Herbarium; S. Gairola pers. comm. 2019). The global range of this species spans from northwest and northeast Africa to India (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

The species is widespread in the lower central Hajar Mountains and adjacent plains (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Karim and Dakheel (2006) reported the species from Sharjah, Ajman, Jebel Ali, Madam and Al Ain. Feulner (2011) found the species in the Ru'us al-Jibal to at least 1,250 m asl. The native range is across North Africa, through the Arabian Peninsula, to northwest India and Central Asia (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).