Only a small populationof A. a. cameloides exists in Mongolia. In 2004,73 were sighted in Nömrög Strictly Protected Area(K. Olson, pers. comm.). A. a. pfi zenmayeri have agreater abundance in Mongolia and in 1989, a surveyestimated there to be 10,000 individuals in Hentii andHangai mountain ranges, which represented 70% ofthe total population. However, populations are knownto be declining due to exploitation, habitat loss, and pollution. Between 1926 and 1985, 1.5million tons of elk antlers were exported to Russia (Wingard and Zahler, 2006). Generationlength has been estimated as nine years based on data from Nowak (1991). This speciesqualifi es as Endangered under Criterion A2cd as the population is estimated to have declinedby more than 50% over the past three generations due to the impact of threats. As other largeMongolian mammals continue to decline, hunters and traders are increasing hunting pressureon this species (Pratt et al., 2004), and its decline is expected to continue over the nextthree generations, therefore Alces alces also qualifi es as Endangered under Criterion A3d.The assessment remains unchanged following application of regional criteria as there is nosignifi cant immigration from adjacent countries.