Taxon name
Sphyraena barracuda
(Edwards, 1771)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Sphyraena barracuda
(Edwards, 1771)
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Species authority
(Edwards, 1771)
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Data deficient
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This pelagic, coastal species occurs throughout UAE waters. Catch in Abu Dhabi has declined by 96% since 2011, and the cause of this decline is not known. Due to concerns for its population status, it is listed as Data Deficient in the UAE. Studies are needed to estimate life history parameters (age at sexual maturity and longevity) to calculate generation length. Improvements in fisheries management is also needed.
Assessment details
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it is nearly circumglobally distributed in tropical to warm temperate waters, but does not occur in the eastern Pacific (Carpenter et al. 1997b, Russell 2002, Simon et al. 2013, Friedlander et al. 2014, Wirtz et al. 2014). It occurs mainly at the surface, but can be found to 100 m depth (Russell 2016).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This pelagic species is found on shallow reefs and deep reefs to the shelf-edge (Feitoza et al. 2005). Juveniles school in shallow waters over sandy, weedy bottoms and in mangroves. Young barracuda will spend their first summer in shallow nursery areas and move offshore to deeper water in late fall. In the second summer, young enter mangrove habitat or deeper weed beds. In its third year, it enters coral reef habitat (de Sylva 1963). Larger adults (>65cm standard length) are usually solitary and found over reef areas and offshore waters. Large schools have been observed and are probably associated with spawning behavior. Its maximum length is 200 cm (Robins and Ray 1986). It feeds mainly on littoral schooling and coral reef fishes, cephalopods, and shrimps (de Sylva 1981, Cervigon 1993). It can reach at least 14 years of age. Males mature by year three, and females by year four. Off Abu Dhabi, the mean age and size at sexual maturity for males was 1.3 years and 56.2 cm and 2.6 years and 80.1 cm for females (Grandcourt et al. 2012). When applying an age at first reproduction of 2.5 years and longevity of 14 years, its estimated generation length is 8.25 years based on the following equation recommended by the IUCN Red List methods: Age at first reproduction + (Age at last reproduction -“ age at first reproduction)/2.
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
Overfishing is a potential major threat. Corals in the UAE and Arabian Gulf have severely declined due to the increasing frequency of mass bleaching events caused by rising water temperatures, which is a consequence of climate change, as well as pervasive coastal development (Riegl et al. 2018, Burt et al. 2019).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.