This pelagic speciesschools in a variety of habitats, including rocky and coral reefs and inshore sand flats (Lieske and Myers 1994, Wetherbee et al. 2004, Mundy 2005). Adults are solitary or in schools, and juveniles occur in small schools over sandy inshore bottoms and occasionally in turbid estuaries (Blaber and Cyrus1983, Myers 1999). The presence of estuarine habitat is not necessary for this speciesto thrive (Sudekum et al. 1991). Itfeeds during the day, mostly on demersal and pelagic fishes, but also cephalopods and crustaceans (Blaber and Cyprus1983, Sudekum et al. 1991). This species forms spawning aggregations on shallow seaward reefs and offshore banks (Sudekum et al. 1991, de Silva et al. 2014).This speciesis one of the largest of the carangid fishes, measuring up to 170 cm total length (Lieske and Myers 1994). It can live to at least 20 years of age and has been recorded to 30 years of age in captivity (Friedlander and Dalzell 2004). Femalesreach maturity at approximately 60 cm and 3-4 years of age (Sudekum et al. 1991). When applying an age at first reproduction of 4 years and longevity of 20 years, its estimated generation length is 12 years based on the following equation recommended by the IUCN Red List methods: Age at first reproduction + (Age at last reproduction -“ age at first reproduction)/2.