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NRLD - 330479 | Merops apiaster

Assessment ID
330479
Taxon name
Merops apiaster
Linnaeus, 1758
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Merops apiaster
Linnaeus, 1758
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Birds
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
aves
Order
coraciiformes
Family
meropidae
Genus
Merops
Species
apiaster
Species authority
Linnaeus, 1758
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Critically Endangered
Abbreviated status
CR
Qualifying criteria (if given)
A2a; D
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species has had a very small breeding population in the UAE, which has declined rapidly within the country and is declining rapidly in the wider Arabian Peninsula; thus, the potential for immigration from outside the UAE is likely low and decreasing further. It has potentially now gone extinct as a breeding species within the country and so, the species listed as Critically Endangered (Regionally Possibly Extinct) at the national level.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is a common visitor to the UAE in late March to April and in mid-August to mid-October, when migrant individuals stop in the country on passage to and from the breeding grounds (Pedersen et al. 2017). The species formerly bred in Ras al-Khaimah, but the current status of this population is uncertain (Pedersen et al. 2017).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species occurs in a wide variety of habitats during migration, depending on the availability of food (Jennings 2010). It is most often found in open bushy country with scattered trees, in woodland and on riversides, as well as at sewage lagoons and rubbish dumps (Jennings 2010, Aspinall and Porter 2011). The migratory population passes through the UAE in March-April on their journey northward to the breeding grounds, and in August-October when migrating southward to Africa (Snow and Perrins 1998, Jennings 2010, Pedersen et al. 2017). During the breeding season, it prefers environments which are more arid, but where water availability generates woodland of acacia and ghaf trees, or cultivated fields, gardens and cropland (Jennings 2010). It feeds on flying insects, primarily hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps), and it hunts from perches. There is no information available on the breeding behaviour of the population in Ras al-Khaimah. Elsewhere in Arabia, on the Batinah coast in Oman, the breeding period lasts from March to June or July. It breeds in colonies, digging burrows in vertical sandy surfaces, often in old field wells on farmland or in earth banks, but it also uses cavities and construction holes in buildings. Clutches may contain four to ten eggs (Jennings 2010).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
The greatest threats to the species within UAE are likely to be development on wilderness land, and reductions in insect populations as a result of agricultural intensification and future declines in water availability (Aspinall 1996, Fry and Boesman 2014, BirdLife International 2015). Outside of UAE large numbers are shot each year on migration (e.g. Tucker and Heath 1994), and in the wider Arabian Peninsula the species may be persecuted as an apiary pest (Symes et al. 2015).
History
There was a very small breeding population present in the country in 1996, which would have qualified the species for listing as Critically Endangered. Subsequent to this the population size has declined rapidly, possibly as a result of land use changes and reductions in the availability of prey. Therefore, it is now listed as Critically Endangered (Regionally Possibly Extinct).
Publication
Burfield, I.J., Westrip, J., Sheldon, R.D., Hermes, C., Wheatley, H., Smith, D., Harding, K.A. Allen, D.J. and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Birds. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates