Taxon name
Pycnonotus xanthopygos
(Ehrenberg, 1833)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Pycnonotus xanthopygos
(Ehrenberg, 1833)
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Birds
Species authority
(Ehrenberg, 1833)
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Near Threatened
Qualifying criteria (if given)
C2a(ii)
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
The species is suspected to have declined in the UAE since 1996, and the overall population size within the country is now thought to number <10,000 mature individuals. This qualifies it for listing as Near Threatened under criterion C2a(ii).
Assessment details
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is a common resident of the mountains in the northern and eastern part of the UAE (Pedersen et al. 2017). Isolated populations in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, which became established in the 1980s, are thought to potentially originate from escaped or released cage birds, but the species is also native to the UAE;(Jennings 2010, Pedersen et al. 2017). While there is concern that this species might hybridize with other bulbul species in the UAE, evidence for this is lacking (Jennings 2010).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The main habitat of this species are wadis and acacia scrub (Jennings 2010). It is also frequently found in well-vegetated parks, gardens and palm groves (Aspinall and Porter 2011). It feeds mostly on fruit, as well as on seeds and invertebrates and less frequently on nectar, leaves and flowers (Fishpool and Tobias 2005, Jennings 2010). Occasionally, it takes human food scraps and visits bird tables (Jennings 2010). Pairs establish a permanent bond. The breeding season can last from January to September, but peaks between March and April. There are hints that the species is double-brooded, but confirmation is still lacking (Jennings 2010). Clutches usually consist of less than three eggs, although occasionally four or five have been observed (Jennings 2010). The nest is a cup or small basket of thin twigs, grass stems, moss and leaves with the base constructed of broad leaves (sometimes with newspaper, strips of plastic or cotton wool) and the structure is held together by cobwebs and cotton threads, lined after a fashion with hair, shredded bark and rootlets, apparently sometimes unlined (Fishpool and Tobias 2005, Jennings 2010). It is placed in a bush or tree at least 2 m above ground (Jennings 2010).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
Development of montane areas is thought to be a key threat to the species. Introduced bulbuls might have some local impacts on the species as a competitor (Aspinall 1996) [note Aspinall (1996) refers to White-cheeked Bulbul, Pycnonotus leucogenys,;but it is assumed here that this refers to White-eared Bulbul, P. leucotis, per Pedersen et al. (2017)]. Overgrazing outside of Protected Areas could be an additional threat.
History
The major threat (and likely primary driver of any population decline in this species ) - development in wadis - has commenced since 1996, so the suspected population decline is likely to have started since 1996. Therefore, it is assessed that in a 1996 assessment the species would have been deemed to be Least Concern.
Publication
Burfield, I.J., Westrip, J., Sheldon, R.D., Hermes, C., Wheatley, H., Smith, D., Harding, K.A. Allen, D.J. and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Birds. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates