This species inhabits islands and saltwater wetlands along the coast, especially muddy and sandy shallow coastlines, mangroves and tidal flats (Richardson 1990, Jennings 2010, Aspinall and Porter 2011). On rare occasions, it occurs further inland at ponds, lakes, reedbeds and sewage treatment plants (Jennings 2010, Aspinall and Porter 2011). The species is a solitary feeder, although it is occasionally found in small groups (Brown et al. 1982, Jennings 2010). It forages predominantly in mangroves and almost entirely on fish (del Hoyo et al. 1992, Jennings 2010). The species is shy and avoids proximity to humans or human structures (Jennings 2010). The breeding season is spread out, with eggs being laid between April and August (Jennings 2010). The species nests on undisturbed islands, in mangrove swamps (Avicennia marina or in other halophytic vegetation); large groups gather at optimal breeding sites (del Hoyo et al. 1992, Jennings 2010). The nest is a platform of twigs and seaweed, which is placed on the ground or in a bush (Brown et al. 1982, Jennings 2010). Clutches contain three to four eggs (Jennings 2010). The species undergoes post-breeding dispersal, but little is known about its movements (Hancock and Kushlan 1984, Kushlan and Hancock 2005, Jennings 2010).