United Arab Emirates

Official name
United Arab Emirates
ISO alpha-2 code
AE
ISO alpha-3 code
ARE
ISO numeric-3 code
784
Continent
Asia

Chenopodiastrum murale | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is an annual herbaceous weed (CABI 2018) of crops, abandoned cultivation areas, pasture land, and disturbed areas (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Taxon
Taxa
Chenopodiastrum murale | (L.) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the UAE, the species is moderately widespread (Jongbloed et al. 2003) along the northern Arabian Gulf north to Ras al Khaimah (Western 1983) and east coasts, Al Ain (Mousa and Fawzi 2009), and on Das Island. The species is also found in Wadi Wurayah National Park (WWNP), where it is a ruderal species seen at donkey resting sites and formerly inhabited terraces, probably facilitated by man and domestic animals (Feulner 2016), and also in the Ru'us al-Jibal, again associated with disturbed ground, trails, and cultivation (Feulner 2011). This species has been considered introduced to the UAE (Pagad et al. 2017), but the majority of the of the UAE native plant working group (June 2019) considered the species to be native and so it is assessed here as such. This species is considered native to large areas of Europe, North and East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and South Asia by Plants of the World Online (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019). However, CABI (2018) consider the species to probably be native to the Mediterranean region, although it has been widely introduced globally.
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Least Concern
Assessment status abreviation
LC
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the UAE, the species is moderately widespread along the northern Arabian Gulf and east coasts, inland to Al Ain, the Hajar Mountains, the Ru'us al-Jibal, and on Das Island. The origin of at least some of these records (e.g. Das Island and the mountains) are possibly the result of introduction. Indeed, this species was considered introduced to the UAE (Pagad et al. 2017) and CABI (2018) consider the species to probably be native to the Mediterranean region, although it has been widely introduced globally. However, the majority of the of the UAE native plant working group (June 2019) considered the species to be native, and we include it here as Least Concern.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
The species may be impacted locally by development, but thrives in moist irrigated ground and urban areas.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
Off

Asaccus margaritae | UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Strictly nocturnal, this species has been found on the rocky sides of wadis, stony substrates and on larger boulders in the wadi (Carranza et al. 2016). The species breeds throughout the year, with a peak during spring (J. Els pers. comm. 2018). Females lay a single round, hard-shelled egg multiple times during the year (J. Els pers. comm. 2018).
Taxon
Taxa
Asaccus margaritae | Carranza, Simó-Riudalbas, Jayasinghe, Wilms & Els, 2016
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Reptiles
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species is known from a single locality, the Wadi Al Helo area from 300-400 m asl (Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). No further records are known in the UAE, but further survey is required.This newly-described species is endemic to the northern Hajar Mountains in Oman and the United Arab Emirates (Carranza et al. 2016). It has only been found in a very few high altitude localities (1,315-“1,434 m asl) in the Musandam Peninsula, Oman (surrounded by A. gardneri at lower elevations) and in two other localities 75 and 120 km further south in Oman and the UAE, respectively, both at relatively low elevations (122 and 374 m asl) (Carranza et al. 2016).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Vulnerable
Assessment status abreviation
VU
Assessment status criteria
D2
About the assessment
Assessment year
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species is currently only known from the Wadi Al Helo area. The species is listed as Vulnerable (VU D2) due to its small area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurrence (EOO) of 4 km<sup>2</sup>. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012). Despite occurring at low densities, the population appears stable at present. There are potential threats from infrastructure development, that could significantly impact the population size of the species.The species is new to science with the possibility that more populations may be discovered in similar habitat in the future. The species should be reassessed if new data become available.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
There are no current threats to the species that might cause significant declines in the near future, however, there is pressure for infrastructure development that could impact the species in the future, especially if accompanied by road developments.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
Off

Asaccus gardneri | UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This is a strictly nocturnal species that has been found on the rocky sides of wadis, stony substrates, lower down on large boulders, and hiding in caves (Carranza et al. 2016). The species occurs from 100 m to 600 m asl. The species lays a single egg in summer that is glued to a rock. In captivity, females laid eggs every three to eight weeks from spring to autumn (Gardner 2013).
Taxon
Taxa
Asaccus gardneri | Carranza, Simó-Riudalbas, Jayasinghe, Wilms & Els, 2016
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Reptiles
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species occurs along the northeastern Hajar Mountains, north of the Masafi/Dibba depression towards the Musandam Peninsula, Oman, where records are from 100 m to 600 m asl (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). This species is endemic to Oman and the United Arab Emirates. The species range extends in the Hajar Mountains from the Musandam Peninsula, Oman, to the northeastern United Arab Emirates (Carranza et al. 2016). It occurs from sea level to 1,000 m.
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Least Concern
Assessment status abreviation
LC
About the assessment
Assessment year
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is endemic to the Hajar Mountains, from the Musandam Peninsula in Oman to the northeastern United Arab Emirates. Although impacted locally by quarrying, with a restricted known area of occupancy, there are no significant widespread threats, and the species is considered Least Concern. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
There are no direct threats to the species, although limited quarrying is known from certain areas within the species range.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
Off

Asaccus caudivolVulnerablelus | UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The species is currently considered to be restricted to an isolated rocky outcrop along the Hajar Mountains on the eastern coast of the United Arab Emirates. It occurs from sea level up to 20 m in elevation and appears to prefer sea-facing rock cliffs with large boulders. It is strictly nocturnal: all specimens have been seen during the night and avoided surveyors' torch beams, retreating into crevices and holes or fleeing across boulders. Females breed year-round, laying a single egg multiple times a year.
Taxon
Taxa
Asaccus caudivolVulnerablelus | Arnold & Gardner, 1994
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Reptiles
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxonomic Notes
A recent systematic revision by Carranza et al. (2016), using an integrative approach including molecular (mitochondrial and nuclear markers) and morphological data, indicated that the species originally classified as Asaccus caudivolVulnerablelus (Arnold and Gardner 1994, Gardner 2013) was an assemblage of three different species that started diversifying during the Mid-Miocene. The analyses uncovered a very old diversification event that resulted in a case of microendemicity, where three morphologically and ecologically similar medium-sized species previously classified within A. caudivolVulnerablelus coexist in a very short and narrow mountain stretch.As a result of this study, two new species -“ A. gardneri and A. margaritae -“ were described, both of them widely distributed across the northern tip of the Hajar Mountains. Conversely the third species - Asaccus caudivolVulnerablelus sensu stricto - appears to be restricted to a small coastal area of the United Arab Emirates under heavy development, where the only two localities in which the species has ever been recorded occur. The molecular analyses indicate that A. caudivolVulnerablelus has been evolving independently from its sister taxon, A. gardneri, for approximately four million years.
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is only known from two localities along a narrow strip of the east coast of the United Arab Emirates: the type locality at Jebel Ra's, 2.5 km south of Khor Fakkan, Emirates of Sharjah; and a second locality (named ""locality 29"" by Carranza et al. 2016) a few kilometres further north of Sharm, Emirates of Fujairah. No specimens have been recorded from the type locality since 1973, and it is considered likely to have been extirpated from this locality (see Threats). Consequently, the only confirmed specimens that have been found in the past 45 years are restricted to the second locality. It is possible that the species occurs in other putatively suitable areas of the same coastal stretch that have not been surveyed as a result of restricted access due to development. The species has been found between sea level up to 20 m in elevation.
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Critically endangered
Assessment status abreviation
CR
Assessment status criteria
B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v)
About the assessment
Assessment year
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is the only reptile currently known to be endemic to the United Arab Emirates. It is only known from two localities along a narrow strip of the east coast of the United Arab Emirates. No specimens have been recorded from the type locality (near Khor Fakkan, Emirates of Sharjah) since 1973, with the only recent records being from a second known locality, a few kilometres further north of Sharm, Emirates of Fujairah. The only confirmed specimens that have been found in the past 45 years are therefore restricted to the second locality and the species is consequently considered to survive at a single location defined by the threat from development. It is possible that the species occurs in other potentially suitable habitats along the same coastal stretch, or persists at the type locality, and additional survey in these areas is urgently required. The species has been found between sea level up to 20 m in elevation. Both the extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO) are estimated at 8 km<sup>2</sup> based on a 2x2 km grid drawn around the two localities, however both the EOO and the AOO are in reality very much more restricted, with the species found on isolated rocky outcrops and presumed to have been lost from one of these.The species is listed as Critically Endangered (CR B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v)) as a result of its restricted EOO and AOO, with both of the known localities, as well as areas along the east coast of the United Arab Emirates with apparently similar habitat characteristics, under heavy transformation or have already been converted for industrial, residential or tourist development. The species is currently considered to persist at a single location defined by the described threats, which are resulting in a continuing decline in the extent and quality of this species' habitat, and inferred to be causing a continuing decline in the number of mature individuals.Conservation actions are urgently required for this species, including ex situ conservation, and the potential for the establishment of new sub-populations should be investigated.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
The only locality where an extant population has been confirmed is under severe transformation (Carranza et al. 2016 shows an image of the locality with construction machinery in the foreground) and is zoned for development and road construction. The site is subject to dynamite blasting as part of the construction and is already under heavy transformation. This may be one of the only areas retaining suitable habitat for this species.The type locality, a mountain outcrop, is surrounded by quarrying, industrial development and harbour (importation port) which destroyed most of the suitable habitat for the species. Access to the area due to the harbour and quarrying activities is now restricted, which prevents surveys at the type locality.Marine pollution, primarily oil pollution, is an additional likely threat, with significant numbers of oil spoils known in the area.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
Off

Tetraena coccinea | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Not possible
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
A perennial, low shrub, up to 0.55 m in height, found in sandy and gravel desert, sandy depressions, sandy shores and low coastal dunes (Ghazanfar and Osborne 2015).
Taxon
Taxa
Tetraena coccinea | (L.) Beier & Thulin
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
In the UAE, the species is only known from Liwa (Ramlat al Hamra and Saruq) (Ghazanfar and Osborne 2015). The global distribution of this species ranges from north-east Africa (Ethiopia, Sudan, to eastern Egypt), to the Arabian Peninsula (Yemen, Saudi Arabia, UAE) and southern Israel (Negev, Arava valley) (Ghazanfar and Osborne 2015), and is perhaps also present in Jordan.
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Data Deficient
Assessment status abreviation
DD
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
In the UAE, the species is only known from two records in the Liwa region. There is no further information available, and there is significant taxonomic uncertainty over this and related taxa. The species is assessed as Data Deficient.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
No information available.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
Off

Cyperus conglomeratus | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This plant species is perennial drought-resistant species that quickly colonises disturbed ground and usually can be found in sandy areas (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is commonly found on low dunes and lower slopes of megadunes (Jongbloed et al. 2003).
Taxon
Taxa
Cyperus conglomeratus | Rottb.
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is widespread and common in sands (Jongbloed et al. 2003, MEW 2010, Al Meharibi et al. 2019). The western region of Abu Dhabi Emirate is dominated by this species (Sakkir et al. 2012). Feulner (2016) recorded this species in small numbers at a few localities in Wadi Wurayah National Park, which are likely the result of anthropogenic movement. Regarding global distribution, this plant species is native across western Africa to north-eastern Africa, through the Arabian Peninsula, to India (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Least Concern
Assessment status abreviation
LC
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is widespread and often common in the UAE, primarily in sandy areas, and is assessed as Least Concern.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
Although likely to be impacted by development, there are no known widespread threats to this species.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
Off

Tamarix pycnocarpa | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Tamarix pycnocarpa grows as a large shrub or bush to 3.5 m in height. It is typically found in saline sabka and is planted along roadsides (Karim and Dakheel 2006).
Taxon
Taxa
Tamarix pycnocarpa | DC.
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxonomic Notes
Tamarix aucheriana (Decne. ex Walp.) B.R.Baum is considered a synonym of T. pycnocarpa (Samadi et al. 2013, Villar et al. 2019). Relations with close species (T. macrocarpa Ehrenb. ex Bunge, T. amplexicaulis Ehrenb. and T. passerinoides Delile ex Desv.) are yet to be properly resolved.
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
In the UAE, this species is found in low-lying saline areas, primarily in Dubai and Sharjah emirates, and to the southwest of Al Ain (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Karim and Dakheel (2006) list occurrence in Ain, Dubai, Sharjah, Dhaid, Jebel al-Dhanna and Umm al-Quwain. It is also recorded from Hatta and Ras al-Khaimah (Sharjah Seed Bank and Herbarium pers. comm. 2019). The species is used as an ornamental plant in gardens and along roadsides. Plants of the World Online (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019) considers this species to be endemic to the Arabian Peninsula, with records from the Gulf States, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, however the holotype is from Iran (<a href=""https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p00704167?listIndex=1&listCount=10"">MNHN</a>), with additional records from <a href=""https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p04958256?listIndex=6&listCount=10"">Egypt </a>and <a href=""https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p00704170?listIndex=5&listCount=10"">Iraq</a>.
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Data Deficient
Assessment status abreviation
DD
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
There is currently confusion between the taxonomic identity of Tamarix pycnocarpa and Tamarix aucheriana. Until this is resolved, this species is assessed as Data Deficient.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
No
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: No
Endemism specifics: Endemic to the Arabian Peninsula
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
The species is likely to have been impacted by coastal development.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
Off

Rhanterium epapposum | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This perennial dwarf shrub (up to 0.7 m in height) is found in sand and gravel plains, low sand dunes, and low hillsides (Jongbloed et al. 2003), in addition to some mountainous areas. It also occurs on Jebel Hafeet to c. 1,000 m asl.
Taxon
Taxa
Rhanterium epapposum | Oliv.
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is widespread in the northeastern UAE, from Jebel Hafeet (<a href=""http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00586818"">RBGE; coll. J.R. Edmondson, 1980</a>; <a href=""http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00586811"">RBGE; coll. R.A. Western 1982</a>) and Al Ain north to Ras Al Khaimah, widespread north of Abu Dhabi-Al Ain road, east to the foothills of the Hajar Mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is also recorded from Dubai, south of Dubai and to the west towards Abu Dhabi. Whilst subpopulations have been lost, leading to a decline in the area of occupancy, it is unclear whether the extent of occurrence has undergone decline. The species is found through the Arabian Peninsula to south-east Iraq and southern Iran (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Endangered
Assessment status abreviation
EN
Assessment status criteria
A2ac
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species has a relatively restricted area within the UAE, is severely fragmented and is experiencing a continuing decline in the number of mature individuals in addition to its habitat extent/quality. Although it occurs within at least one protected area, Rhanterium epapposum has experienced a population decline of over 75% in the past 20 years. Therefore, this species is assessed as Endangered.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
Overgrazing by both camels and sheep has led to the disappearance of this species in many locations, both within the UAE and across the region, and even where it still persists, it is often only possible to find flowering plants where they are protected from grazing (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Development (agricultural and urbanisation) has also caused further declines of Rhanterium epapposum.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
This species was recorded as locally common in the 1980's, however it has since experienced a population decline of over 75% due to overgrazing and development.
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Scrophularia deserti | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The perennial herb is found in wadis, on hillsides, and on gravel plains (Jongbloed et al. 2003).
Taxon
Taxa
Scrophularia deserti | Delile
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is widespread on the slopes and foothills of the Hajar Mountains in the UAE. It is also found, although less common, in the Ru'us al-Jibal where it occurs up to 1,550 m asl (Feulner 2011), and it is present on Jebel Hafeet (Jongbloed et al. 2003). This species has been recorded from the Wadi Wurayah National Park (Feulner 2016). The native range is Egypt and the eastern Mediterranean, through the Arabian Peninsula, to Pakistan and Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Least Concern
Assessment status abreviation
LC
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
The species is widespread in the eastern parts of the UAE is and is assessed as Least Concern.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
The species is likely to be a component of livestock grazing.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

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Haplophyllum tuberculatum | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The species is found in wadis, wadi beds and associated sandy and gravelly plains (Jongbloed et al. 2003) in addition to rocky slopes (MEW 2010). It is a perennial woody shrub or large herb, up to 0.5 (0.7) m in height (Jongbloed et al. 2003).
Taxon
Taxa
Haplophyllum tuberculatum | (Forssk.) A.Juss.
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
In the UAE, this species is widespread in the Hajar Mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003), extending south to Jebel Hafeet (<a href=""http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00437366"">RBGE Herbarium</a>; lower slopes close to Al Ain, coll. R.A. Western, 1982), and also occurring, rarely, in the Ru'us al-Jibal, with three localities known at low altitudes (Feulner 2011). The global range of this species is across northern Africa, through the Arabian Peninsula, to north-west India (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Least Concern
Assessment status abreviation
LC
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is widespread in the north-east of the UAE and qualifies as Least Concern.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
There is no information available.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
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