United Arab Emirates

Official name
United Arab Emirates
ISO alpha-2 code
AE
ISO alpha-3 code
ARE
ISO numeric-3 code
784
Continent
Asia

Launaea fragilis | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The habitat type of this species in the UAE is not known, but based on the two WU herbarium localities. It is found from a cultivated area within gravelly hot desert and rocky hills.
Taxon
Taxa
Launaea fragilis | (Asso) Pau
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is mentioned in the draft Red Data Book of the UAE (MEW 2010) as unconfirmed. Two specimens, collected in 1986, from the UAE are held at the University of Vienna Herbarium (WU); the foothill area of Jebel Milaya, Sharjah (<a href=""https://herbarium.univie.ac.at/database/detail.php?ID=910470"">UBT0004415</a>) and from near Al Awir, Dubai (<a href=""https://herbarium.univie.ac.at/database/detail.php?ID=910462"">UBT0004414</a>). The identity and origin of the records of this species in the UAE require confirmation. Globally, this species is considered to be native to eastern Spain, Italy (Sicilia), and Malta in Europe, and in Africa from North Africa and the Sahara (Anthos 2019, Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Data Deficient
Assessment status abreviation
DD
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
The presence and origin of this species in the UAE requires confirmation and, in addition, it may well have been misidentified in the past. Therefore, it is currently assessed as Data Deficient. Further studies are needed to clarify the identification of this species.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
There is no information available on threats, with the last records of this species from 1986.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
Off

Launaea capitata | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
It is an annual or biennial herb species that is typically found growing in stable and compact sand (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Brown et al. 2007, Mahmoud et al. 2018). Launaea capitata has rosette leaves and produces small pale yellow flowers between February and April, in addition to winged fruits (Jongbloed et al. 2003).
Taxon
Taxa
Launaea capitata | (Spreng.) Dandy
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the UAE, this species is known from offshore islands and the white sands of Taweela, in addition to Jebel Hafeet (Western 1994, Brown et al. 2007, Sakkir and Brown 2014). In general, it is widespread among the north of the UAE and can usually be found along the Arabian Gulf Coast (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Globally, its native range spans from the Canary Islands to the Arabian Peninsula and India (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Least Concern
Assessment status abreviation
LC
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is generally considered to be common and widespread along the Arabian Gulf Coast and the northern UAE. Within this range, it is known to occur within at least one protected area. Although grazing may pose a threat, it is not clear yet to what extent this poses a threat to the species. This species is assessed as Least Concern.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
Grazing may threaten this species within parts of its range (Shahid 2017).
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
Off

Lactuca orientalis | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is a perennial sub-shrub with mounded habit to 0.6 m. Its inflorescence forms a wire-netting-like structure around the plant, while its leaves are seasonally deciduous growing from rocky areas along steep wadi that would receive brief but significant, fast-flowing water during rains. It is often associated with Forsskaolea viridis. The plant has atypical flowers for an Asteraceae, with four yellow ray flowers but no disc flowers (D. Aplin pers. comm. 2019). This dwarf shrub can be found growing in silty substrates within gravel wadis and plains in addition to the margins of nearby fields (Feulner 2011). Lactuca orientalis is a crop wild relative of lettuce, Lactuca sativa (Kameswara Rao 2013).
Taxon
Taxa
Lactuca orientalis | (Boiss.) Boiss.
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
In the UAE, this species has been recorded from the Ru'us al-Jibal (Feulner 2011). It is typically recorded from 400 m to 1,900 m altitude within this area (Feulner 2011). D. Aplin (pers. comm. 2019) made the first record of this species outside of the Musandam Peninsula, extending the southern-most extent of the distribution to a steep shaded wadi at 570 m asl, a kilometre north of Al Khulaibiah in Fujairah. Globally, the native range of this species encompasses Egypt, the eastern Mediterranean and the Arabian Peninsula through to western Asia (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Least Concern
Assessment status abreviation
LC
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
Although the species is uncommon, it is not thought to be impacted by any significant threats and is assessed as Least Concern.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
There are no known widespread threats. There are no immediate threats to the population at Al Khulaibiah, although at the entrance to the wadi (c.400 m away), there is evidence of recent bulldozing of silt and sand. However, the subpopulation resides sufficiently high enough for this not to be a threat (D. Aplin pers. comm. 2019).
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
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Koelpinia linearis | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Incomplete
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This annual herb can grow up to 0.3 m in height, producing pale yellow flowers on long stalks between February and April (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Norton et al. 2009). The fruit is distinctive in appearance, curved in a claw and star shape with hooked hairs. This facilitates dispersal by clinging to hair and fur of other species (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Koelpinia linearis is considered to be a halophyte i.e. salt-tolerant plant (Böer and Saenger 2006) and is typically found growing within silt environments among rocky hillsides, in addition to sand and gravel plains (Jongbloed et al. 2003).
Taxon
Taxa
Koelpinia linearis | Pall.
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the UAE, this species has been recorded from Jebel Hafeet and Ru'us al-Jibal (Jongbloed et al. 2003, MEW 2010), and from Jebel Huwayyah in Oman. Feulner (2011) notes that the species appears to be limited to areas of carbonate bedrock, specifically, the Ru'us al-Jibal and intermittent mountain front ridges and massifs such as Jebel Hafeet. Based on currently known data, the extent of occurrence is estimated to be less than 1,000 m<sup>2</sup>. Globally, the native range of this species spans from the Mediterranean and northern Africa to the Arabian Peninsula and central Asia (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Near Threatened
Assessment status abreviation
NT
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is thought to be rare in the UAE, and it appears to be restricted to specific habitats, with an extent of occurrence of less than 1,000 km<sup>2</sup> and an area of occupancy that is assumed to be very much less than 500 km<sup>2</sup>. The species is assessed as Near Threatened on the basis of its restricted EOO and AOO, however the number of locations is presumed to exceed ten, but is restricted as a result of its habitat requirements.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
There is no information available.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
Off

Iphiona scabra | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This perennial shrub species is typically found growing on hillsides (Fawzi and Ksiksi 2012, Mahmoud et al. 2018).
Taxon
Taxa
Iphiona scabra | DC.
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the UAE, it is known to occur in the Hajar Mountains (Feulner 2014) and it also occurs on Jebel Hafeet (Jongbloed et al. 2003), but it is absent from the Ru'us al Jibal. Globally, the native range of this species spans from the eastern Mediterranean to northeast tropical Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Least Concern
Assessment status abreviation
LC
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species occurs in rocky and mountainous areas in the Hajar Mountain range and at Jebel Hafeet. It is not thought to be subject to any major, widespread threats and has been recorded from at least one protected area. Therefore, it is assessed as Least Concern.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
There are unlikely to be any widespread threats to this species.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
Off

Ifloga spicata | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species appears to be more abundant in wetter years (Brown et al. 2007). It is an annual herb, which is found growing in sand/gravel plains in addition to wadis (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Brown et al. 2007, Mahmoud et al. 2018). Within these environments, it plays an important ecological role in terms of sand fixation and contribution to biomass (Ghazanfar and Fisher 1998, Heneidy et al. 2018). The plant typically produces 1-3 stems and can grow up to 10 cm in height, producing long pointed leaves along with very small, yellow-green flowers that are present between February and April (Jongbloed et al. 2003).
Taxon
Taxa
Ifloga spicata | (Forssk.) Sch.Bip.
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the UAE, it is known to occur in Taweela, creating a near continuous distribution along the Arabian Gulf coast (Brown et al. 2007). This coastal strip extends from the west of the UAE, near to Abu Dhabi Island, up to Ra's al-Khaimah in the northeast of the country. There has also been a record of this species occurring at Jebel Hafeet (Brown et al. 2007). Globally, this species is known to occur from Macaronesia and the Mediterranean, through northern Africa to the Arabian Peninsula and India (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Least Concern
Assessment status abreviation
LC
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species has a wide distribution across the UAE, despite being potentially described as rare. Although it may face threats, the impact of these potential threats on the species is currently unclear. In addition, it also occurs in at least one protected area. Therefore, it is assessed as Least Concern.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
It is noted that this species may be threatened by habitat loss, over-collection for medicinal use and overgrazing (Heneidy et al. 2018).
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
Off

Gymnarrhena micrantha | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This small prostrate annual was found on silt among rocks (Jongbloed et al. 2003).
Taxon
Taxa
Gymnarrhena micrantha | Desf.
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species has been recorded from Jebel Hafeet, where it was found near the lower radio tower (Jongbloed 1988). Jongbloed (1988) reported that the species is also known from adjacent parts of Oman, on Jebel Qatar. The species has not apparently been recorded by subsequent surveys on the mountain. The global range of this species is across North Africa, through much of the Arabian Peninsula (including the UAE) to Pakistan and central Asia (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Critically Endangered
Assessment status abreviation
CR
Assessment status criteria
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species was recorded in 1988 from a single location on Jebel Hafeet, where it was found near the lower radio tower. The species has not apparently been recorded by subsequent surveys on the mountain. The species is considered to occur in a single location, based on the primary threat of grazing, and with a restricted area of occupancy and extent of occurrence estimated at just 4 km<sup>2</sup>, with a continuing decline in the quality of habitat as a result of grazing pressure. The species is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)), Regionally Possibly Extinct due to the extent of habitat conversion that has occurred in the area where the species was recorded. The species was reported (Jongbloed 1988) from adjacent parts of Oman, on Jebel Qatar, however the status of those populations is not known, and no regional rescue adjustment is applied.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
The primary threat is from development (road construction and other works) and recreational use of the area. Grazing by wild (tahr and gazelles) and feral (goats) animals (Sakkir et al. 2018) is an additional threat.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
When first recorded, it was considered to be rare and Critically Endangered. Failure to rediscover this species since its initial discovery in 1988 has led it to be considered as 'Possibly Extinct' now, although in 1996 it may have been considered as still extant.
Verified entry
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Filago pyramidata | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Incomplete
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is similar to Filago desertorum: an annual plant growing up to 15 cm in height, covered in white woolly 'hair' and producing flowers between February and April (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is also thought to grow in hard silt environments and in gravel within rocky wadis in addition to along the edges of fields (Jongbloed et al. 2003).
Taxon
Taxa
Filago pyramidata | L.
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the UAE, this species is known to occur in the high Ru'us al-Jibal (Feulner 2011) above 1,000 m elevation (G.R. Feulner pers. comm. 2019). The species has also been recorded from the upper parts of Wadi Siji in the Wadi Wurayah National Park (WWNP) buffer zone, and it is also thought to also occur in WWNP itself. Globally, this species' native range encompasses Macaronesia, Europe, western Asia and the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Data Deficient
Assessment status abreviation
DD
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
There is little information available regarding the detailed distribution of this species, in addition to the current population trend and potential threats. Confusion with the closely related species, Filago desertorum, may have exacerbated the lack of knowledge of this plant and lead to possible under-recording. It is assessed as Data Deficient.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
Without detailed information on the distribution in the UAE, little can be said about threats, however, it is likely to have been impacted by grazing.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
Off

Filago desertorum | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This is an annual herb species whose flowering period takes place from February to April (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It has silver-grey leaves and is covered in white hair (Jongbloed et al. 2003). This species can be found in silt between rocks of wadis and edges of fields, in addition to mountainous environments (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It is also recorded as being a food plant for the Cape Hare, Lepus capenssi (Norton et al. 2009).
Taxon
Taxa
Filago desertorum | Pomel
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is widespread in the Ru'us al-Jibal and northern Hajar Mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Feulner 2014). It is an annual species which can regularly be seen at high elevations. Filago desertorum has been reported among bedrock at c. 900 m, as well as from silt at Birkat al-Khalidiyah (Mandaville) up to high elevations (Feulner 2011). The global distribution of this species includes the Canary Islands, South Spain, and North Africa to Pakistan (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Least Concern
Assessment status abreviation
LC
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
Despite being described as rare within the UAE in general, this species appears to locally common within its restricted range. It is also known to occur in at least one protected area. Therefore, it is assessed as Least Concern.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
Grazing by goats may affect this species in parts of its range (Shahid 2017).
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
Off

Calendula arvensis | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This is an annual herb species which produces yellow flowers from January to March (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Norton et al. 2009). It grows to heights of up to 30 cm and typically occurs in silt substrate between rocks in montane areas (Jongbloed et al. 2003). This species can be found in sandy and gravelly habitats, wadis, plantations and fallow fields (MEW 2010, Feulner 2011). It is sometimes considered as a weed of disturbed areas and silty depressions within its habitat (Norton et al. 2009). It is highly rain-dependent.
Taxon
Taxa
Calendula arvensis | L.
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is widespread in the Hajar Mountains and Ru'us al-Jibal (Jongbloed et al. 2003). This plant species can be found in silt and fallow fields up to 1,200 m and above (Feulner 2011). However, it is also recorded at lower elevations within montane areas too (Feulner 2011). The global distribution of this species is in Macaronesia, Europe to the Mediterranean and West Himalaya, and the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Near Threatened
Assessment status abreviation
NT
Assessment status criteria
A2a
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species, although being described as 'not common' or 'occasional', is considered to be a weed in certain habitats. The species is known to have declined over time as a result of changing rainfall patterns. It is known to survive within both disturbed areas and at a wide range of altitudes. The species is Near Threatened because of a population decline (approaching 30%) over the last ten years.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
Grazing by goats may affect this species in parts of its range (Shahid 2017). Declining rainfall is thought also be causing declines.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
This species is considered to have become much less common due to decreasing frequency of wet years. In addition, increasing grazing may have contributed to population declines since 1996.
Verified entry
Off