This species is a locally common and widespread in the north-west of the UAE (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It has also been recently recorded at Jebel Hafeet (Sakkir and Brown 2014). The global distribution of this species extends from the South and East Mediterranean to South Pakistan and the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

This species has been recorded from the northern Hajar Mountains and the Ru'us al-Jibal (Jongbloed et al. 2003) where it can be found at elevations of up to at least 1,600 m (Feulner 2011). The global distribution of this species includes Macaronesia, the Mediterranean to Pakistan and the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).

In the UAE, this species is widespread in the Hajar Mountains and the Ru'us al-Jibal at all elevations (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is found to c. 1,550 m asl in the Ru'us al-Jibal, although it is more common at higher altitudes (Feulner 2011). Karim and Dakheel (2006) record the species from Al Ain, Shwayb, Hatta and Dhaid. Globally, this species occurs from Macaronesia, across North Africa, to the Middle East, the Arabian Peninsula, and east to Pakistan (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).

In the UAE, this species is known from Jebel Hafeet (Jongbloed et al. 2003), where it is known from three distinct areas;<ol><li>Wadi Tarabat: the upper reaches (a few plants observed; G. Brown pers. comm. 2019) and on the plains and lower parts of Wadi Tarabat at the northern end of Jebel Hafeet (R. Khan, G.R. Feulner pers. comm. 2019). Two locations, based on the division of this area by the privately managed fenced reserve.</li><li>Very locally immediately to the east of Jebel Hafeet at the base of the mountain. One location, defined by camel grazing.</li><li>A small subpopulation in a small wadi at high elevation (900 m) close to the summit (S. Sakkir pers. comm. 2019). One location; threats uncertain, but likely to include grazing pressure and drought.</li></ol>In addition, the species has been recorded once in Wadi Shuaib (T. Mahmoud pers. comm. 2019), however the origin of the species here requires confirmation; it is may be of anthropogenic origin, or have originated from above the dame, in adjacent parts of Oman. The estimated EOO for this species is 213 km². There are at present no records of the species from Oman, but it might be expected to occur in the Musandam Peninsula (S. Ghazanfar pers. comm. 2019) or on adjacent parts of Jebel Hafeet. Globally, this species occurs in Egypt (Sinai), the eastern Mediterranean (Israel, Palestine, Jordan), through the Arabian Peninsula, to Iraq and Iran (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018), whilst Greuter (2006-2009) gives a wider distribution to Morocco in North Africa and possibly north to Lebanon-Syria, but excludes the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq and Iran.

In the UAE, Phoenix dactylifera is known from Al Ain, Abu Dhabi and Dubai (Karim and Dakheel 2006). Plants of the World Online state that the UAE encompasses part of this species native range (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019), while the draft UAE Red Data Book labelled the species as 'Not Applicable' as it is cultivated (MEW 2010), and the species is listed as an introduced landscape plants by MoCCaE (O. Al Shamsi pers. comm. 2018). This species can persist at a range of altitudes up to 1,200 m (MEW 2010). Globally, this species' native distribution spans from the Arabian Peninsula to the south of Pakistan (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

This species is widespread in the eastern part of the UAE, including the Ru'us al-Jibal (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Feulner 2011). It is recorded as occurring at a wide range of altitudes to c. 1,600 m elevation (Feulner 2011). It occurs along ridgetops in Olive Highlands (Feulner 2014) and is common in Wadi Wurayah National Park (WWNP; Feulner 2016). The global distribution of this species extends from Macaronesia to the Indian subcontinent (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019). It is extinct in Greece and has been introduced to Central America, Australia (New South Wales), Mauritius and Rodrigues Island (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019, CABI 2019).

The species is found at high elevations in the Ru'us al-Jibal, from c.800 m to at least 1,800 m (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Feulner 2011, M. Tsaliki pers. comm. 2019). It has been recorded in Ras al Khaimah from a farmed area on a high elevation mountain plateau on Jebel Jais (M. Tsaliki pers. comm. 2019). It is a ruderal species (Feulner 2011) whose origin in the UAE requires confirmation; it may be a temperate species that is native to the higher elevation in the UAE, or may be introduced. The global distribution of this species is circum-Mediterranean, through the Arabian Peninsula (although the UAE is not listed) to the western Himalaya and Central Asia (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018, GRIN 2019).

Within the UAE this species is found at high elevations in the Ru'us al-Jibal, usually above 1,000 m but found from 700 m to 1,450 m (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Feulner 2011). There are unconfirmed records from the Jebel Jais plateau and from Olive Wadi (Sfai); M. Tsaliki pers. comm. 2019). Globally, this species is distributed from the Arabian Peninsula through West and Central Asia as far north as Kazakhstan and as far east as western China (Board of Trustees, RGB Kew 2018).

The species is widespread in the Hajar mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003) and is also found in Ru'us al-Jibal, at elevations of up to 1,450 m (Feulner 2011). This plant species has also been recorded in off-shore islands of Abu Dhabi (Sakkir et al. 2017). This species is globally distributed from Macaronesia to South West Italy and India, North East and East Tropical Africa (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

In the UAE, this species occurs widely in the Hajar Mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003), with specific records from the Ru'us al-Jibal (Feulner 2011) and the buffer zone (upper Wadi Siji) of Wadi Wurayah National Park (Feulner 2016). The species has also been recorded from the summit of Jebel Hafeet (<a href=""http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00357622"">RBG Edinburgh Herbarium specimen; coll. R. Western, 1983</a>). Al Meharibi et al. (2019) show presence on Jebel Hafeet only. Globally this species occurs in North Africa, The Middle East and Central Asia (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).