This species occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific (Allen 1985, Newman 2002, Kim et al. 2012). Its depth range is 12 to 140 m (Anderson and Allen 2001, R. Myers pers. comm. 2015).

This species occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific (Anderson and Allen 2001). Its depth range is 1 to 96 m.

In UAE waters, this species occurs only in the Sea of Oman. A report of this species occurring in the Arabian Gulf from Blegvad (1944) is questionable (Carpenter et al. 1997b). Globally, it is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific (Anderson and Allen 2001, Williams et al. 2006). Its depth range is 40 to 360 m (Anderson and Allen 2001).

In the UAE, this species was recorded once near Al Ain (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Globally this species occurs in East Africa, Madagascar, the Arabian Peninsula, India, Pakistan and South-East Asia (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

This species occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it is circumglobally distributed in tropical and subtropical waters (Smith-Vaniz 1984, Smith-Vaniz 1986b, Bauchot 1987, Smith-Vaniz 2002). Its depth range is 0-150 m (Humann and Deloach 1993).

This species occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it is nearly circumglobally distributed in tropical to warm temperate waters, but does not occur in the eastern Pacific (Carpenter et al. 1997b, Russell 2002, Simon et al. 2013, Friedlander et al. 2014, Wirtz et al. 2014). It occurs mainly at the surface, but can be found to 100 m depth (Russell 2016).

This species occurs throughout UAE waters. Elsewhere, it is circumglobally distributed in tropical and subtropical waters (Simon et al. 2013, Wirtz et al. 2014). Its depth range is 1-170 m.

In the UAE, this species occurs only in the Sea of Oman. It is excluded from the Arabian Gulf. Elsewhere, it is circumglobally distributed in tropical waters (Smith-Vaniz 1986, Smith-Vaniz 2002, Simon et al. 2013). The depth range is 1-400 m, but is more common from 0-200 m (Smith-Vaniz 1986, Mundy 2005).

This species occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific (Harrison and Senou 1999).

The species has a mostly coastal distribution in the UAE (Jongbloed et al. 2003), with localised populations in salt marshes, streams in wadis and permanent pools (Karim and Dakheel 2006). It has been recorded from islands off Abu Dhabi northwards to Rams (Ra's al-Khaimah) e.g., at Khor Hulaylah (Llewellyn-Smith 2011). Feulner (2016) records the species from wet wadis of the Hajar Mountains but noted that it is largely absent from Shimayliyah and from the east side of the mountains in the UAE, including Wadi Wurayah National Park (Feulner 2011), although found north of the Masafi area and as far north as tributaries of Wadi Fa'y, on the southern edge of the Ru'us al-Jibal. G. Feulner (in litt. MEW 2010) that the two main areas where the species is found are Khor Hulaylah and the Abu Dhabi islands. According to participants of the National UAE Red List Workshop (15th-19th September 2019, Dubai), this species also occurs in Wadi Siji and Sharjah. J. rigidus and J. socotranus are easily confused, and confirmation of the identity of records of J. rigidus from the mountains is required. Globally, the species occurs throughout much of Africa, including Mediterranean countries, as well as scattered localities on the northern Mediterranean coast and islands, and east through the Arabian Peninsula and Asia Minor to Pakistan (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019). There are also two records from Ras al-Khaimah within the RBGE Edinburgh collections.