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Merops apiaster | UAE National Red List of Birds

Location
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Scope (Assessment)
National
Taxon
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Birds
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is a common visitor to the UAE in late March to April and in mid-August to mid-October, when migrant individuals stop in the country on passage to and from the breeding grounds (Pedersen et al. 2017). The species formerly bred in Ras al-Khaimah, but the current status of this population is uncertain (Pedersen et al. 2017).
Habitats and Ecology
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species occurs in a wide variety of habitats during migration, depending on the availability of food (Jennings 2010). It is most often found in open bushy country with scattered trees, in woodland and on riversides, as well as at sewage lagoons and rubbish dumps (Jennings 2010, Aspinall and Porter 2011). The migratory population passes through the UAE in March-April on their journey northward to the breeding grounds, and in August-October when migrating southward to Africa (Snow and Perrins 1998, Jennings 2010, Pedersen et al. 2017). During the breeding season, it prefers environments which are more arid, but where water availability generates woodland of acacia and ghaf trees, or cultivated fields, gardens and cropland (Jennings 2010). It feeds on flying insects, primarily hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps), and it hunts from perches. There is no information available on the breeding behaviour of the population in Ras al-Khaimah. Elsewhere in Arabia, on the Batinah coast in Oman, the breeding period lasts from March to June or July. It breeds in colonies, digging burrows in vertical sandy surfaces, often in old field wells on farmland or in earth banks, but it also uses cavities and construction holes in buildings. Clutches may contain four to ten eggs (Jennings 2010).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Critically Endangered
Assessment status abreviation
CR
Assessment status criteria
A2a; D
Assessment rationale/justification
This species has had a very small breeding population in the UAE, which has declined rapidly within the country and is declining rapidly in the wider Arabian Peninsula; thus, the potential for immigration from outside the UAE is likely low and decreasing further. It has potentially now gone extinct as a breeding species within the country and so, the species listed as Critically Endangered (Regionally Possibly Extinct) at the national level.
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
The greatest threats to the species within UAE are likely to be development on wilderness land, and reductions in insect populations as a result of agricultural intensification and future declines in water availability (Aspinall 1996, Fry and Boesman 2014, BirdLife International 2015). Outside of UAE large numbers are shot each year on migration (e.g. Tucker and Heath 1994), and in the wider Arabian Peninsula the species may be persecuted as an apiary pest (Symes et al. 2015).
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
There was a very small breeding population present in the country in 1996, which would have qualified the species for listing as Critically Endangered. Subsequent to this the population size has declined rapidly, possibly as a result of land use changes and reductions in the availability of prey. Therefore, it is now listed as Critically Endangered (Regionally Possibly Extinct).