Taxon name
Rhinobatos annandalei
Norman, 1926
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Rhinobatos annandalei
Norman, 1926
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Species authority
Norman, 1926
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Near Threatened
Qualifying criteria (if given)
A2cd
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
The Bengal Guitarfish occurs throughout UAE coastal waters. Due to confusion with the Spotted Guitarfish (Rhinobatos punctifer), population data can be uncertain. There has been a total ban on fishing for this species in UAE waters since 2019, but is still taken as bycatch in coastal net fisheries. Declines of several species of inshore guitarfish have been documented (e.g., India). Habitat degradation from coastal development is a concern for this species as well. It is especially susceptible to exploitation (target and bycatch) in many largely unregulated gill net and trawl fisheries that operate within its range outside and surrounding UAE waters. Some management measures are now in place in the Arabian Sea region, although domestic fisheries are likely to continue. Though data specifically from the UAE are not available, individuals in the UAE are a component of a larger, interconnected and migratory population that occurs broadly in the north-western Indian Ocean. It is inferred that declines reported in the Arabian Sea region are representative of its status in the UAE. Based on recorded levels of exploitation and decline in habitat quality, it is suspected to have declined by 20-30% over the past three generation lengths, or about 15 years. It is listed as Near Threatened, nearly meeting the thresholds for Vulnerable A2cd.
Assessment details
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Bengal Guitarfish occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it has a poorly defined distribution in the Northern Indian Ocean from the Arabian Gulf (Iran, UAE) to India and possibly Sri Lanka (Bianchi 1985, Talwar and Jhingran 1991, Assadi and Dehghani 1997, Vossoughi and Vosoughi 1999). There has been some confusion as to the identification of this species, making its exact distribution difficult to define, with some previous studies have referred to it as the Spotted Guitarfish.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Very little information is currently available on the habitat or biology of this guitarfish. It occurs from close inshore out to about 90 m deep and presumably occurs over soft substrates. Maximum total length is reported at approximately 87 cm (R.W. Jabado pers. obs.). Maturity for males is about 50-68 cm TL and for females it is around 60 cm TL (Raje 2006, Henderson et al. 2004, Last et al. 2016). Size at birth is about 19-20 cm TL. Fecundity is up to 3-20 pups (M. Khan pers. comm. 08/02/2016, Raje 2006) although females dissected from landings in Oman had between 3-5 pups (Henderson et al. 2004). Most pregnant and post-partum females in Indian and Pakistan waters occur in September and October (M. Khan pers. comm. 08/02/2016, Raje 2006) and in the summer and winter in Oman (Henderson et al. 2004). Generation length is inferred to be 5 years from the Lesser Guitarfish (Acroteriobatus annulatus) from southern Africa (Compagno et al. 1989).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
This species has been impacted by target and bycatch fisheries. It may also being impacted by habitat degradation due to coastal development, especially nursery grounds. Marine habitats in the Gulf are experiencing high levels of disturbance and quickly deteriorating due to major impacts from development activities (including dredging and reclamation), desalination plants, industrial activities, habitat destruction through the removal of shallow productive areas and major shipping lanes (Sheppard et al.<em style=""font-size: 12pt; font-family: Georgia;""> 2010).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.