This species is an annual or perennial herb which can reach up to 0.4-“2(-“3) m tall (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mousa and Fawzi 2009, Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019). The plant has oval to heart-shaped leaves with toothed edges, yellow flowers between January and June, in addition to schizocarp fruits with brown, hairy seeds (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is recorded as growing within wadis and wasteland areas, as well as plantations and roadsides (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018).

This perennial herb species grows in gravel within wadi and hillside habitats (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Fawzi and Ksiksi 2012, Mahmoud et al. 2018). At their longest, its stems can trail up to 200 cm in length, before dying back in the summer months (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It has oval/round leaves with wavy edges, yellow flowers between February and July and green-yellow fruit with soft spines (Jongbloed et al. 2003). The seeds from this plant may be spread by herbivorous animals, such as donkeys (Feulner 2011, 2016). Cucumis prophetarum is a crop wild relative of the cucumber, Cucumis sativus (Kameswara Rao 2013).

This perennial herb species grows in both gravel plains, wadis and in sand dunes, in addition to disturbed ground (El Alqamy 2004, Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It can grow up to 150 cm in height, has triangular alternating leaves and yellow flowers which are present between November and April (Jongbloed et al. 2003). The fruit is green with yellow stripes and turns completely yellow when mature (Jongbloed et al. 2003). This plant also provides a food source for rodents in the desert (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is a crop wild relative of the water melon, Citrullus lanatus (Kameswara Rao 2013).

This shrublet species is known to grow on wadi banks and hillsides, specifically in sandy, salty and rocky habitats (Karim and Dakheel 2006, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It may grow as an annual or short-lived perennial, can reach up to 30 cm in height and has rigid leaves, in addition to purple to mauve flowers which can be seen between February and May (Jongbloed et al. 2006, Karim and Dakheel 2006). The fruit grows in the form of a small blue-black nut (Karim and Dakheel 2006). It is a moderately salt tolerant species (Karim and Dakheel 2006).

It is annual species that can grow up to 35 cm in height (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Feulner 2011). The plant has lance shaped leaves with curled edges in addition to yellow solitary flowers which can be seen between February and March (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It grows in silt between rocks within mountain areas (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

Helianthemum lipii is found on sand, gravel plains and silt, in addition to on plateaux in the Ru'us al Jibal (Jongbloed et al. 2003, MEW 2010, Feulner 2011). It is a perennial, woody dwarf-shrub, reaching up to 0.3 m in height, and flowering between February to April (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

This annual herb species is found on compacted sands between low dunes, on gravel plains, and along roadsides (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is able to tolerate salinity (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

This plant grows in compacted and loose sand (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

Seetzenia lanata is a sessile perennial herb that is found on sandy and gravelly plains (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It grows mostly in rocky or salty wadi beds (Karim and Dakheel 2006) and is more common after rain (MEW 2010).

The species is found on sand, gravel plains and hillsides at low elevations (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is a woody shrublet (Mahmoud et al. 2018).