Within the UAE, the species is restricted to the Hajar Mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003). The species is found in small number in Wadi Wurayah National Park (scattered locations in the lower Waterfall Wadi, lower tributary of Wadi Ghayl, and the upper Wadi Siji, with a single historical record from Wadi Zikt; Feulner 2016) but it is absent from the Ru'us al-Jibal (Feulner 2011). This species is endemic to the Hajar Mountains in the UAE and northern Oman (Patzelt 2014).

Within the UAE, the species has been recently recorded from four widely-spaced localities within Wadi Wurayah National Park (WWNP; Feulner 2016, Judas 2016). Feulner (2016) also notes a record from the 'Olive Highlands', on a rocky ridge on the slopes of Jebel Qitab southwest of Fujairah city, in Fujairah Emirate. The species is considered endemic to the Hajar Mountains which span Oman and the UAE (Feulner 2011). Despite the few records shown here, it is likely to be more widespread, and it is hard to identify when not in flower.

Within the UAE, it occurs throughout the Hajar Mountains and in the Ru'us al-Jibal (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Judas 2016). It is considered to grow at all elevations (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Globally, the native range of this species spans from the Arabian Peninsula to India (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

This species is widespread in the Hajar Mountains in suitable habitat (near water in wadis; MEW 2010). It has also been recorded from Abu Dhabi and Al Wagan (A.R. Western, U. Deil and F. Karim; Jongbloed et al. 2003). The species is recorded from Wadi Wurayah (Feulner 2016, Judas 2016). The species is absent or rare in the Ru'us al-Jibal (Feulner 2011). RBG Edinburgh holds specimens from; 1. <a href=""http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00358631"">Wadis around Hatta</a>, (300 m asl), 2. <a href=""http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00358628"">fringing the oasis at Qidfa'</a> (Fujairah), 3. Wadi Ham between Masati and Fujairah, and 4. <a href=""http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00358630"">Abu Dhabi to Al Ain roa</a>d at al Khanza south; this latter record is a long way outside the otherwise known distribution of the species in the UAE, and is discounted here. Globally, this species occurs through the Arabian Peninsula to Iran, the western Himalaya and Bangladesh (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

This species is widespread in the Hajar Mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Al Meharibi et al. 2019). The global distribution of this species is from Socotra to Iran (Kirschner 2002, Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).

The species is widespread in the Hajar Mountains and the Ru'us al-Jibal, and has also been recorded from Jebel Hafeet (Jongbloed et al. 2003). In the Ru'us al-Jibal, the species occurs at low to moderate elevations (c.150-950 (1,250 m) in the southern and (outside the UAE) eastern Ru'us al-Jibal (Feulner 2011). the species occurs in Wadi Wurayah National Park (WWNP; Feulner 2016). The native range of this species spans across north-east Africa (Somalia) and the Arabian Peninsula (Yemen to the UAE) (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

This species is widespread along the Arabian Gulf coast all along the UAE (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Al Meharibi et al. 2019), including the coastal white sands at Taweela (Brown et al. 2007). It has also been found well away from the coast in wadis on Jebel Hafeet (Brown et al. 2007). Globally, this species occurs in most of Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia and India (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).

Within the UAE, this species is recorded from the Ru'us al-Jibal (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Feulner 2011). The species has been widely introduced through cultivation; natural occurrence in the UAE is likely but requires confirmation. Globally, this species spans across Europe and Macaronesia, to north-west India (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

Within the UAE, it is widespread throughout oases in the Hajar Mountains, specifically in the Masafi area (MEW 2010), in addition to occurring in urban areas (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Globally, the native range of this species spans from northern Africa and the Mediterranean to central Asia and the Indian subcontinent (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

Within the UAE, this species occurs along the coast line and has been specifically recorded from Abu Dhabi (Qureshi 2017). It is also known to occur on offshore islands within the UAE (S. Sakkir pers. comm. 2019). Globally, the native range of this species spans from northern Africa to Greece, the Arabian Peninsula, Central Asia and through to southwest Siberia (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).