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LC

Assessment ID
330075
Taxon name
Eryx jayakari
Boulenger, 1888
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Eryx jayakari
Boulenger, 1888
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
boidae
Genus
Eryx
Species
jayakari
Species authority
Boulenger, 1888
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species is common across its range within the United Arab Emirates, where it is found in sandy soils. It is absent from the Hajar Mountains, and with isolated records along the east coast. It is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Assessment details
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species is common across its range in sandy soils, from the west, east to the Hajar Mountains. It is absent from the Hajar Mountains, with isolated records along the east coast of the United Arab Emirates (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). The species occurs from sea level to 300 m asl.Globally, this species is found from the Arabian Peninsula to Iran, where it has been recorded from Khuzistan, Bushehr, and Kerman (west of Sirjan) provinces, and is probably present in all active dunes within this area (Latifi 1991, S.C. Anderson and T. Papenfuss pers. comm. 2008).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The species is found in sand and sandy soils including dunes and sand sheets, cultivated land, sandy desert plains (Gardner 2013) from sea level to 300 m asl. It is a nocturnal and fossorial species that is adapted for burrowing and moving through soft sand. Its prey consists mainly of geckos such as Stenodactylus spp. and Bunopus tuberculatus (Gardner 2013) and small rodents. This species is oviparous, laying small clutches of four to six eggs in early summer which have an incubation period of around 66 days (Gardner 2013).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
This is a widespread species with an extensive habitat and no major threats to the species as a whole, although localised impacts from development. This species has been recorded in the pet trade, although this is not considered to be a threat.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330074
Taxon name
Phrynocephalus arabicus
Anderson, 1894
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Phrynocephalus arabicus
Anderson, 1894
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
agamidae
Genus
Phrynocephalus
Species
arabicus
Species authority
Anderson, 1894
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Melnikov et al. (2014) recognized four species within what was previously considered Phrynocephalus arabicus, elevating the two recognized subspecies (P. a. macropeltis and P. a. nedjensis) to species level, and describing a new species from Iran: P. ahvazicus. The Reptile Database (Uetz et al. 2018) describes the description of the new species as ""rather confusing"" due to a lack of clarity about the tissue samples used and inconsistencies between the number of specimens studied and those reported in their results. Melnikov et al. (2014) do not formally redescribe P. arabicus or fully diagnose or characterize the distributions of P. macropeltis or P. nedjensis. AData deficientitionally, the authors report that morphological differentiation between P. arabicus and P. macropeltis requires further investigation.The Reptile Database (Uetz et al. 2018) consequently currently recommends rejecting the action of Melnikov et al. (2014) pending further research, and this scheme is followed here. Although Uetz et al. (2018) treat P. ahvazicus as a valid species, recognizing it as distinct would render P. arabicus sensu lato paraphyletic based on the molecular results presented by Melnikov et al. (2014). P. ahvazicus is consequently retained within P. arabicus here.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
Phrynocephalus arabicus is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution within the UAE, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Assessment details
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This is a common and widespread lizard species in the United Arab Emirates, found on sandsheets, dunes or sandy plains (Gardner 2013) from Abu Dhabi to Ras al Khaimah (Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). Absent from the Hajar Mountains and from the east coast. In the United Arab Emirates, the species occurs from sea level to 270 m asl.Globally this species ranges from southeastern Jordan into the Arabian Peninsula, including much of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman (except the mountainous areas and the Sharqiyah sands, where an endemic species, P. sakoi, occurs) and Iran (known only from the Mesopotamian Plain in the vicinity of Ahvaz). It is not known from Iraq. It occurs from sea level to around 1,000 m asl.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
A diurnal species adapted to soft, aeolian sand. Most active during the heat of the day with a decrease in activity during winter months. They have a high tolerance to high temperatures, with a critical maximum temperature of up to 48.5'° C in males (Gardner 2013). Breeding activity occurs from spring through the summer months. Clutch size is usually one to two white elongated eggs deposited in a burrow in the sand.
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
There appear to be no major threats to this species.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330073
Taxon name
Phrynocephalus maculatus
Anderson, 1872
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Phrynocephalus maculatus
Anderson, 1872
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
agamidae
Genus
Phrynocephalus
Species
maculatus
Species authority
Anderson, 1872
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Currently, two subspecies of Phrynocephalus maculatus Anderson, 1872 are recognised within its wide and discontinuous range. The nominotypic form is distributed in Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan, whilst P. m. longicaudatus Haas, 1957 - which Anderson 1999 suggested might be specifically distinct - is distributed mostly along the Arabian Gulf (Anderson 1999), reported from Oman, United Arab Emirates (the) and Saudi Arabia (Arnold 1986).Populations from Turkmenistan are now considered distinct as Phrynocephalus goluewii (N. Ananjeva and N. Orlov pers. comm. 2008). Phrynocephalus maculatus is the second Phrynocephalus species known to occur in Jordan (Baker et al. 2005).
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
Phrynocephalus maculatus is listed as Least Concern for the UAE in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Assessment details
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species occurs in the coastal desert areas from the Sila area to Dubai, with a few records inland in Abu Dhabi Emirate (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). It is frequently encountered at elevations from sea level to 100 m asl, occasionally above 100 m to 200 m asl.Globally, this species range includes eastern Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, southeastern Jordan (Baker et al. 2005), Iran (Anderson 1999), southern Afghanistan, southwestern Pakistan and Turkmenistan (Arnold 1986, Sindaco and Jeremäenko 2008). Globally, it occurs at elevations from sea level to 3,000 m asl.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
In the United Arab Emirates, the species is found in open flat areas of hard substrate such as salt flats, gravel plains and consolidated sand (Gardner 2013). They are frequently encountered from sea level to 100 m asl., occasionally to 200 m.It is a diurnal lizard species that is a 'sit-and-wait' predator. They prefer warm temperatures and are rarely seen in the winter months (Gardner 2013). In summer, they are active after sunrise until sunset, except during the hottest periods. This species relies on crypsis and fast running to avoid predators. Mating season is presumed to be during May to July when males are observed displaying tail signalling. Juveniles are apparent from July onwards (Gardner 2013). Clutch size is presumed to be similar to Phrynocephalus arabicus (usually one to two white elongated eggs deposited in a burrow in the sand).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
There is widespread development of coastal areas, however, aside from that, there appear to be no major threats to this species.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330072
Taxon name
Mesalina brevirostris
Blanford, 1874
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Mesalina brevirostris
Blanford, 1874
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
lacertidae
Genus
Mesalina
Species
brevirostris
Species authority
Blanford, 1874
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
This species is in need of taxonomic review as it is almost certainly a complex of species (S. Baha El Din pers. comm. 2009). There are three subspecies.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species is widespread along the coastal areas of the Arabian Gulf. The species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution and presumed large populations. The species has undergone population declines as a result of habitat loss and degradation, however, these declines are unlikely to be sufficient to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is thought that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).Given the coastal distribution of this species, further research and monitoring are recommended.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species is widespread along the coastal areas of the Arabian Gulf (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press) from Dubai westwards to the Saudi Arabian border. It has been recorded from the Gulf islands: Abu al Abyad, Al Aryam, Al Yasat North, Arzanah, Dalma, Ghasha, Jenanah, Marawah, Muhayyamat South, Reem, Sir Bani Yas, Umm al Hate, Umm al Qassar, Umm Kirkum, Ushsh and Zirku (Gardner 2013). There are older records (Sharjah Creek, 1970s; Arnold 1984) from Sharjah, but it is unlikely that the species persists there. The species occurs from sea level to 200 m asl. Globally, the species distribution range includes the United Arab Emirates, southeastern Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and southwestern and southern Iran (Å míd et al 2017).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The species is found in mesic coastal areas of the Arabian Gulf, along the strand line, sabkhas and on saline plains with succulent halophytic vegetation behind the beach crest (Gardner 2013).It is a diurnal species that feeds on invertebrates. The breeding season is presumed to extend throughout the year (Gardner 2013) and females may lay several clutches of one to four eggs per year. Specimens have been observed clearing burrow entrances and may cover their burrows when they vacate them (Gardner 2013).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
There are local threats to some populations due to coastal development from Abu Dhabi city to Dubai, including urban and industrial development, as well as the development of beaches for tourism. Populations west of Abu Dhabi city towards the Saudi Arabian border along the coast and the Gulf islands may be susceptible to infrastructure development. Marine pollution, particularly oil spills, will impact some populations.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330071
Taxon name
Bunopus tuberculatus
Blanford, 1874
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Bunopus tuberculatus
Blanford, 1874
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
gekkonidae
Genus
Bunopus
Species
tuberculatus
Species authority
Blanford, 1874
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
A previous assessment (Mousa Disi et al. 2010) of this taxon followed Arnold (1980), Å äerbak and Golubev (1996) and Disi (2002) in considering Bunopus blanfordii to be a synonym of B. tuberculatus. More recently Bauer et al. (2013) considered B. blanfordii a valid species. These authors do not discuss this assignment but state that they consider it valid ""pending further investigation"". As they provide no information on this taxon's distribution or differentiation from B. tuberculatus, B. blanfordii is tentatively retained within the species concept applied here. Phylogenetic analyses presented by Machado et al. (2018) show B. blanfordii nested within B. tuberculatus, indicating that recognizing it as distinct would render B. tuberculatus as presently understood, but these authors do not comment on this finding. This is a complicated species complex, and the genetics of B. blanfordii are currently under review to clarify its identity and true distribution (N. Ananjeva and T. Papenfuss pers. comm. 2016).
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is widespread, including on the offshore islands. It is considered Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, broad habitat preferences, presumed large population, and lack of widespread threats. It is unlikely to be experiencing any significant population declines. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Assessment details
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is widespread, including on the offshore islands from sea level to 500 m asl (Leptien 1993, Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press).Globally (Sindaco and Jeremäenko 2008), this species ranges from the Arava Valley in southern Israel, through Jordan (Amr et al. 1994, Disi 2002, Disi et al. 2001, 2004), northeastern Syria (Martens 1997, Disi and Böhme 1996), to Iraq, Iran (Anderson 1999; although it is not clear whether it reaches higher elevations of the Zagros Mountains) and Central Asia (Khan 2002, 2006), and south to the Arabian Peninsula (Arnold 1980, van der Kooij 2000), where it is widespread. It occurs from the lowlands up to 2,100 m asl (Afghanistan), however, in most of its range it appears to occur at lower elevations.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This is a common gecko that is a nocturnal, ground-dwelling species that feeds on insects, especially small beetles. It is found in desert and semi-desert habitats including sand sheets, sandy gravel plains, sandy sabkha, interdunal plains and coastal areas (Gardner 2013). It is often associated with urban areas and oases. It is commonly found from sea level to 499 m asl. Females lay one to two hard-shelled eggs (Gardner 2013). It is absent from urban areas.
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
There are no specific threats to this species, which is widespread on a variety of soil substrates in desert areas. Local subpopulations are vulnerable to habitat loss and conversion.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330070
Taxon name
Psammophis schokari
(Forskål, 1775)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Psammophis schokari
(Forskål, 1775)
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
psammophiidae
Genus
Psammophis
Species
schokari
Species authority
(Forskål, 1775)
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species is widespread throughout the sandy deserts and mountains areas. The species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution with an area of occupancy (AOO) of 516 km<sup>2</sup> and extent of occurrence (EOO) of 94,799 km<sup>2</sup>, presumed large population, its ability to adapt to habitat modification, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Assessment details
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species is widespread throughout the sandy deserts and mountains areas from sea level to 1,000 m asl (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). It is also recorded from Sir Abu Nu'ayer and Sir Bani Yas islands (J. Els and A.S. Gardner pers. comm. 2018).This is a widespread desert species that ranges from Western Sahara, Morocco and Mauritania eastwards through northern Africa to Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea, with a southern range limit in northeast Ethiopia and northern Somalia (Largen and Rasmussen 1993, Largen 1997, Gonçalves et al. 2018).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Common in sand and gravel areas which are well-vegetated, especially with trees and shrubs (Gardner 2013). It is also found regularly in cultivated areas and urban gardens. It is seen more rarely within mountain areas, in wadis and on gravel terraces.It is a diurnal species that are found on the ground, in trees or shrubs. They are crepuscular during summer, but active throughout the year. Their diet includes lizards, geckos, agamas, birds and small rodents. Breeding is during spring and summer with females laying a clutch of four to six eggs which hatch after an incubation period of 60-65 days.
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
There are no major threats to this species. It is locally persecuted in some areas, and it is killed by vehicles on roads, but these are probably not major threats to this species.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330069
Taxon name
Pseudoceramodactylus khobarensis
Haas, 1957
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Pseudoceramodactylus khobarensis
Haas, 1957
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
gekkonidae
Genus
Pseudoceramodactylus
Species
khobarensis
Species authority
Haas, 1957
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species occurs along coastal areas, on offshore islands, and some inland areas. The species is listed as Least Concern in view of its abundance within its restricted distribution, its presumed large population, and because its habitat is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Assessment details
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species occurs along coastal areas from Umm Al Quwain to As Sila, including Abu Al Abyadh Island (Gardner 2013). Further inland, it has been recorded in the Al Khatim area and towards Um az Zumul on saline plains and sabkhas (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). It occurs from sea level to 200 m asl.This species has been recorded throughout the Arabian Peninsula (Arnold 1977, 1980; Metallinou et al. 2014), and is also known from four specimens collected on Qeshm Island (Iran) in the Arabian Gulf (Dakhteh et al. 2007).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The species is found on saline plains, coastal and inland sabkha margins, on surfaces ranging from soft to moist salt-impregnated soil to solid salt-encrusted sabkha (Gardner 2013). It occurs commonly from sea level to 200 m asl. It is a nocturnal terrestrial species with puffy palmar surfaces of the feet and digits, which with their spinous scales, are likely to be an adaptation to prevent the feet and toes from becoming clogged with sticky, salty mud on damp sabkhas (Gardner 2013).Globally, this species is often recorded on flat coastal ground with widely spaced shrubs (salt flats) (Dakhteh et al. 2007, Metallinou et al. 2014). It is also found on semi-stable and stable dunes.
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
The species is widespread, but threatened in parts of its range. For example, there is ongoing significant habitat loss in the United Arab Emirates through coastal development, including coastal redevelopment and in-filling of sabkha areas. Pollution from oil spills will also be a local threat, as well as recreation driving on dunes and coastal areas.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330068
Taxon name
Acanthodactylus schmidti
Haas, 1957
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Acanthodactylus schmidti
Haas, 1957
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
lacertidae
Genus
Acanthodactylus
Species
schmidti
Species authority
Haas, 1957
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is widespread throughout the sandy areas from western Abu Dhabi to Ras Al Khaimah, and there are no significant threats. The species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Assessment details
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is widespread throughout the sandy areas from western Abu Dhabi to Ras Al Khaimah (Arnold 1984, Gardener 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). It occurs from sea level to 400 m asl. Globally, this species ranges from southern and eastern Jordan and southeastern Iraq and southwestern Iran (Khuzestan and Fars Provinces), into the Arabian Peninsula (Sindaco and Jeremäenko 2008). It has been recorded from lowland areas in Iran, possibly below 200 m asl, it can be found up to 1,000 m asl (Saudi Arabia).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is found in open desert dune areas of soft (aeolian) sand, sand sheets and interdunal plains. It is a diurnal species that is active throughout the year. They prey on invertebrates. It has burrows close to the roots of bushes and other vegetation. Breeding occurs during spring and summer with females laying one to two elongated soft-shelled eggs per clutch. Females may lay multiple clutches throughout the breeding season.
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
Although impacted locally by a range of threats, there are no significant threats to this widespread and common species that will cause a severe decline in the overall population.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330066
Taxon name
Stenodactylus doriae
(Blanford, 1874)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Stenodactylus doriae
(Blanford, 1874)
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
gekkonidae
Genus
Stenodactylus
Species
doriae
Species authority
(Blanford, 1874)
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Assessment details
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is found throughout the sand deserts from Ras Al Khaimah in the south, and west to the Saudi Arabia and Oman borders (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). It occurs from sea level to 400 m asl. The global distribution of this species ranges from southwestern Israel and southern and eastern Jordan, south into the Arabian Peninsula, and east into Iraq, southwestern Iran (Fars and Kerman Provinces and the lower Mesopotamian Plain; Anderson 1999, Metallinou et al. 2014). It occurs from sea level up to 1,000 m asl.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The species is found in soft windblown sand, in areas with dunes or sand sheets and scattered vegetation (Gardner 2013). It is regularly encountered in areas with no vegetation and disturbed sandy deserts. Occurs from sea level to 399 m asl. It is a commonly encountered species that is nocturnal and ground dwelling. During the day, they shelter in burrows that they dig in relatively consolidated sand on the windward side of dunes, often far from vegetation (Gardner 2013). Burrows range from 6 to 35 cm in depth below the surface and have a narrow entrance which they seal from within by pushing sand with their feet. The breeding season is throughout the warmer months with females laying one to two oval hard-shelled eggs.
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
There are no major threats to this species and it occurs in several protected areas within the United Arab Emirates.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330063
Taxon name
Hemidactylus robustus
Heyden, 1827
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Hemidactylus robustus
Heyden, 1827
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
gekkonidae
Genus
Hemidactylus
Species
robustus
Species authority
Heyden, 1827
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
This species has been considered to be a synonym of H. turcicus; while it is now recognized as valid (Baha El Din 2005, Carranza and Arnold 2012), its range limits remain unclear as a result of this former synonymy. The observation that many specimens exhibit apparently intermediate sets of characteristics (Loveridge 1947) is borne out by examination of Ethiopian H. sinaitus (Largen and Spawls 2006). B. Lanza (in Largen and Spawls 2006) attributes these shared characteristics to the existence of possible hybrids, but it may be that the relationship between H. robustus and H. sinaitus is in need of further investigation.Comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences of geckos from Iran and Pakistan with H. robustus from Egypt and the UAE confirms that this species extends at least as far as Sind (Bauer et al. 2006). A recent study on the degree of molecular and morphological differentiation within the H. robustus species group allowed the redescription of H. robustus and the formal description of three new species of Hemidactylus -“ H. adensis and H. mandebensis from Yemen and H. awashensis from Ethiopia (Šmíd et al. 2015).Hemidactylus porbandarensis Sharma, 1981 is a synonym of Hemidactylus robustus Heyden, 1827 (Bauer et al. 2012).
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is widespread in the sandy deserts, gravel plains and at lower elevations in the mountainous regions, and it is frequently encountered in urban and disturbed environments. There are no widespread threats, and the species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, tolerance of a degree of habitat modification, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Assessment details
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is widespread in the sandy deserts, gravel plains and in the mountainous regions at lower elevations, and is also found on many of the islands (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). It occurs from sea level to 500 m asl. It is frequently encountered in urban and disturbed environments. The species is considered native to the Arabian Peninsula.This species is distributed (Carranza and Arnold 2006, Sindaco and Jeremäenko 2008) through Somalia (where it is found in nearly all regions; Lanza 1990), in Eritrea and Djibouti (Ineich 2001), along the Red Sea coast of Sudan and southern Egypt (north to Quseir; Baha El Din 2001), much of the Arabian Peninsula (and also on Socotra Island) (Cogä'lniceanu et al. 2013), east to Iran (Anderson 1999) and Pakistan (Baha El Din 2005). It is a coastal species generally found at or close to sea level, however, inland records exist for Ethiopia and extreme northeastern Kenya (Spawls et al. 2002, Largen and Spawls 2006, 2010). It has possibly been introduced to some of the port cities of Iran and Pakistan (T. Papenfuss pers. comm. 2008). It is found in coastal areas around the Red Sea, Hadhramaut (Yemen; Šmíd et al. 2015), and the southern Arabian littoral zone as far as the eastern United Arab Emirates, southern Iran and Pakistan (Arnold 1980). A record from Zanzibar represents an introduced population of Hemidactylus puccionii.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
In the United Arab Emirates this species is commonly encountered in urban areas, gardens, on trees in sand deserts and wadis (Gardner 2013).Elsewhere across its distribution, the species is found in coastal salt marshes under halophytic vegetation, in mangroves, under coastal debris, and on traditional buildings. This species is widespread across both mainland and island coastlines, from rocky hillsides and scrubland to salt marsh (Carranza and Arnold 2012, Carranza et al. 2018). In Oman, and presumably elsewhere, it is never encountered far from human habitation (Arnold 1980). It is however generally less well-adapted to urbanization and development than H. turcicus. It is generally not found in rocky areas. It is an egg-laying species.
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
There are no known threats to the species within the United Arab Emirates. The species is highly adaptable to artificial environments and are commonly encountered within urban areas. It doesn't appear to be collected for the pet trade.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE