DD
Assessment ID
329922
Taxon name
Epinephelus epistictus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
329921
Taxon name
Aethaloperca rogaa
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Aethaloperca rogaa
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
actinopterygii
Order
perciformes
Family
epinephelidae
Genus
Aethaloperca
Species
rogaa
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis, Craig and Hastings (2007) included the species Aetheloperca rogaa within the genus Cephalopholis.
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This reef-associated species occurs throughout UAE waters, but is currently relatively rare. According to anecdotal information on catch observations from about 30 years ago, it may have been more common previously. Fishing activity may have caused population declines in the past, but little data are available. Due to the lack of information on its population status in the UAE and potential major threat from fishing and possibly coral reef habitat decline, it is listed as Data Deficient in the UAE.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it is widespread in the Indo-West Pacific. Its depth range is 1 to 60 metres.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species inhabits coastal reefs and lagoons, often over silty bottoms, or near/in caves and holes in the reef (Heemstra and Randall 1993). It also commonly occurs on reefs without high coral cover. Small juveniles (< 6.0 cm total length) mimic Centropyge flavicauda, C. multispinis, and C. flavipectoralis (Snyder et al. 2001). It primarily feeds on small fishes (including Pempheris spp.), also on stomatopods (Pseudosquilla spp.) and crustaceans (Morgans 1982). This species spawns throughout the year and matures at about 35 cm standard length (Morgans 1982). It is not known to form spawning aggregations (Society for the Conservation of Reef Fish Aggregations database accessed January 2017). In Australia, an experimental line fishing trials examined 52 individuals of this species that measured between 25 to 47 cm total length and reported the ages as ranging from 13 to 18 years (Mapleston et al. 2009).
Threats listed in assessment
Fishing activity may cause declines in the UAE, but this is poorly understood. Its occurrence in the trap (gargoor) fishery as ghost fishing may also cause mortality in this species. Corals in the UAE and Arabian Gulf have severely declined due to the increasing frequency of mass bleaching events caused by rising water temperatures, which is a consequence of climate change, as well as pervasive coastal development (Riegl et al. 2018, Burt et al. 2019).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
329917
Taxon name
Epinephelus polylepis
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Epinephelus polylepis
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
actinopterygii
Order
perciformes
Family
epinephelidae
Genus
Epinephelus
Species
polylepis
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Prior to this species' formal description in 1991, it was identified as Epinephelus chlorostigma, particularly in India.
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This reef-associated species occurs throughout UAE waters. In the UAE, it is infrequently observed in markets, and is not recorded in fisheries statistics. It is heavily exploited in much of its range, and fishing pressure has been increasing and is expected to continue increasing. The relatively poor understanding of its' population status is in part due to it being historically misidentified as Epinephelus chlorostigma until its formal description in 1991 (only about 25 years ago). There are anecdotal reports of declining catch per unit effort in Oman, but landings quantified in the Arabian Gulf over the past 15 years have not declined, possibly due to increases in effort. The status of population(s) outside the UAE are not well-understood, though it is also taken by fisheries elsewhere. Based on the uncertainty regarding the population trend of this exploited species, it is listed as Data Deficient in UAE waters. Improvements in fisheries monitoring are needed.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it is restricted to the northwest Indian Ocean where it occurs from the northern Gulf of Aden (Yemen and Djibouti) to the Arabian Gulf to southwestern India (Randall and Heemstra 1991, M. Samoilys pers. comm. 2016). It is not known to occur in the Maldives (Anderson pers. comm. 2007). Its depth range is 10-155 metres.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species occurs on rock and boulder slopes and also in areas with high coral cover (M. Samoilys pers. comm. 2016). Off southern Oman and eastern Yemen, it is frequently observed on coral reefs between 10 to 15 m depth (J. Kemp pers. comm. 2007). Off Muscat, Oman its preferred habitat is small rocky outcrops at 70-155 m depth. It has also been collected from trawls operating between 33-100 m depth on sandy bottoms (Randall and Heemstra 1991). This species may be a diandric protogynous hermaphrodite (J. McIlwain pers. comm. 2007), but this is not yet confirmed. Peak spawning in Oman occurs from August to October and may also extend into June-July (J. McIlwain pers. comm. 2007). Maximum total length is 120 cm (Bagley et al. 2009). In Oman, it has been aged to 40 years (J. McIlwain unpublished data). Age at first maturity is likely about 3-4 years (H. Choat pers. comm. 2007). When applying an age at first reproduction of 3-4 years and longevity of 40 years, its estimated generation length is 21-22 years based on the following equation recommended by the IUCN Red List methods: Age at first reproduction + (Age at last reproduction -“ age at first reproduction)/2.
Threats listed in assessment
Overfishing is a potential major threat to this species, although declines have not yet been quantified and only anecdotal reports of declining catch per unit effort are known. Given that fishing effort has been increasing in the fisheries that take this species throughout its range, there is concern that declines are either occurring or will occur. Corals in the UAE and Arabian Gulf have severely declined due to the increasing frequency of mass bleaching events caused by rising water temperatures, which is a consequence of climate change, as well as pervasive coastal development (Riegl et al. 2018, Burt et al. 2019).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
329916
Taxon name
Epinephelus multinotatus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Epinephelus multinotatus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
actinopterygii
Order
perciformes
Family
epinephelidae
Genus
Epinephelus
Species
multinotatus
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This reef-associated species occurs throughout UAE waters. It is harvested in the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman, and landings, while fluctuating, show a modest downward trend off Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait and possibly Oman. In the UAE, it is infrequently observed in markets, and is not recorded in fisheries statistics. The status of population(s) outside the UAE are not well-understood, though it is also taken by fisheries elsewhere, and some level of localised declines have been noted. Based on the uncertainty regarding the population trend of this exploited species, it is listed as Data Deficient in UAE waters. Improvements in fisheries monitoring are needed.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it has a disjunct distribution in the Indian Ocean with one subpopulation occurring in the western part from Mozambique and Madagascar to the Gulf of Aden, Arabian Gulf, Sea of Oman and the Maldives and Chagos Archipelago, and the second subpopulation occurring in the east from northwestern Australia to Indonesia (Aru, Kei, and Tanimbar Islands). Its depth range is 10-110 metres (Allen and Erdmann 2012).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species inhabits coral and rocky reef, including drop-offs and banks (Randall 1995, Stephenson et al. 2001, J. Robinson pers. comm. 2007). Juveniles can be more common on coral reefs at least in the Gulf, while adults are often found in deeper waters around sandy or rocky substrates (Carpenter et al. 1997a). In general, younger individuals are found in the shallower portion of its range while adults occur deeper (Allen and Erdmann 2012). Spawning aggregations have been reported during peak reproductive months (Wheeler and Ommanney 1953, Robinson et al. 2004), and non-aggregating spawning likely occurs at other times during the year (J. Robinson pers. comm. 2007). Its maximum total length is 90 cm (Allen and Erdmann 2012) and its maximum age is 30 years (Grandcourt 2005). In Australia, females mature at about 41 cm and the species has been aged to at least 22 years (Bray 2016).
Threats listed in assessment
Overfishing is a threat to this species in parts of its range(Craig et al. 2011, Chabanet et al. 2016). Reef degradation may also negatively impact this species (Pistorius and Taylor 2009). Corals in the UAE and Arabian Gulf have severely declined due to the increasing frequency of mass bleaching events caused by rising water temperatures, which is a consequence of climate change, as well as pervasive coastal development (Riegl et al. 2018, Burt et al. 2019).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
329907
Taxon name
Torpedo sinuspersici
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Torpedo sinuspersici
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
chondrichthyes
Order
torpediniformes
Family
torpedinidae
Genus
Torpedo
Species
sinuspersici
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
This species was described with no type specimen and locality, but it has been presumed to be from the Arabian Gulf (Wallace 1967, Compagno 1986, Carvalho et al. 2002). It is considered to be one of the most widely distributed electric rays of the Western Indian Ocean (Carvalho et al. 2002, Last et al. 2016). However, the status of this species is uncertain as it is possibly a species-complex (Last et al. 2016). It is highly variable and confused with the Panther Torpedo (Torpedo panthera) (Last et al. 2016). The present account is therefore provisional, and in the event that species within the complex are better delineated, reassessment will be required (this may result in the status of electric rays being revised upwards, on the basis of small populations with localized distributions).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data Deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
The Gulf Torpedo occurs throughout UAE waters. However, the presently recognised species is likely a species-complex of several localized species and taxonomic examination is required to clarify the status of the species. Torpedo species are often confused in the region and species-specific data are therefore limited. It can be taken and discarded as bycatch in trawl fisheries, which may be a threat considering the species likely has a low survivorship of this activity. Due to taxonomic uncertainty, little is known on its distribution, population, ecology and potential threats in the UAE; therefore, it is listed as Data Deficient.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Gulf Torpedo occurs throughout UAE waters (Randall 1995, Field 2005). Globally, it occurs widely in the Western Indian Ocean from India to southern Africa; however, this is possibly a species-complex of several distinct and possibly highly localized endemic species (Last et al. 2016). The form occurring in India is genetically distinct and likely represents a different species (K.K. Bineesh pers. comm. 05/02/2017).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The Gulf Torpedo is found in shallow waters in sandy areas and near reefs and also well offshore to 200 m (Compagno et al. 1989). Little known of the species' biology or ecology. It is viviparous, like other electric rays, and reported to have litters of 9 to 22 young (Compagno et al. 1989). It reaches ~130 cm TL, but mostly less than 100 cm TL (Compagno et al. 1989).
Threats listed in assessment
Potential impacts from fisheries will need review upon resolution of taxonomic uncertainty. Corals in the UAE and Arabian Gulf have severely declined due to the increasing frequency of mass bleaching events caused by rising water temperatures, which is a consequence of climate change, as well as pervasive coastal development (Riegl et al. 2018, Burt et al. 2019).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
329905
Taxon name
Aetomylaeus maculatus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Aetomylaeus maculatus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
chondrichthyes
Order
myliobatiformes
Family
myliobatidae
Genus
Aetomylaeus
Species
maculatus
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
This species is considered distinct from Aetomylaeus milvus (Last et al. 2016).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data Deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
The Mottled Eagle Ray presumably occurs throughout UAE inshore waters, but has only been recorded there once (in Ras al Khaimah). The extent of its interactions with fisheries is unknown at present, but like other species of eagle rays, it is highly susceptible to a variety of fishing methods. It is mainly caught as bycatch in inshore and shelf trawl and gill net fisheries, and demersal fishing pressure is intense and increasing through much of the Arabian Sea region. The loss and degradation of coastal habitats in the Gulf is a significant concern for inshore species such as this. Little is known on its population, distribution, ecology and potential threats from habitat degradation and fishing; therefore, it is listed as Data Deficient in the UAE.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
In UAE waters, the Mottled Eagle Ray is only confirmed from a single record taken at Ras Al Khaimah (R.W. Jabado pers. comm. 12/04/2017). Elsewhere, it has been confirmed from the east and west coast of India and is thought to be present in Sri Lanka (Last et al. 2016). It is suspected to occur in Pakistan and eastern Iran based on anecdotal reports and one museum specimen from Karachi University (F. Owfi pers. comm. 07/02/2017). Further research is needed to confirm the distribution of this species.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The Mottled Eagle Ray is a poorly known species. It occurs on the inner continental shelf to depths of about 60 m over soft sandy substrate (Compagno and Last 1999). The maximum known size of this species is 100 cm disc width (DW) with males maturing by 71 cm DW and a 55 cm DW female not yet mature (Last et al. 2016). Litter size is unknown, but it is born at around 29 cm DW. As there is no information on this species' maximum age and age at maturity, generation length was inferred as ~15 years based on data for the Bat Ray (Myliobatis californicus), which are reported to have a maximum age of 24 years and an age at maturity of five years (Martin and Cailliet 1988). However, it is noted that the Longhead Eagle Ray reaches a smaller maximum size than this species.
Threats listed in assessment
Information pertaining to threats specific to the UAE are unavailable. This species is impacted by target (for fins and their valuable meat) and bycatch fisheries that are active elsewhere in its range. Marine habitats in the Gulf are experiencing high levels of disturbance and quickly deteriorating due to major impacts from development activities (including dredging and reclamation), desalination plants, industrial activities, habitat destruction through the removal of shallow productive areas and major shipping lanes (Sheppard et al. 2010).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
329870
Taxon name
Triaenodon obesus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Triaenodon obesus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
chondrichthyes
Order
carcharhiniformes
Family
carcharhinidae
Genus
Triaenodon
Species
obesus
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data Deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
In the UAE, the Whitetip Reef Shark possibly occurs only in coastal waters of the Sea of Oman, but this is not yet confirmed. The species exhibits moderately slow life history characteristics, and is impacted by extensive fishing pressure and habitat loss and degradation throughout the Arabian Sea region. Little is known on the population of this species in UAE waters and given its distribution there remains uncertain, it is listed as Data Deficient.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Whitetip Reef Shark may occur in UAE waters on the Sea of Oman coast, but this is not yet confirmed. It is excluded from the Arabian Gulf (Al Jufaili et al. 2010). Globally, it is widespread in the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Last and Stevens 2009).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Whitetip Reef Sharks are closely associated with coral reefs in clear, tropical waters. This species is primarily nocturnal, sheltering in caves by day, often communally. Maximum size is around 200 cm total length (TL), but adults are very rare over 160 cm. Maturity is attained at about 105 cm TL, although a mature male of 95 cm TL and a pregnant female of 102 cm TL have been recorded in the Maldives (Anderson and Ahmed 1993). Mating has been recorded in the wild by Tricas and Le Feuvre (1985) and pups are born at 52-60 cm TL after a gestation period of at least five months. Litter size has been recorded as 2-3 in Madagascar (Fourmanoir 1961, Last and Stevens 1994) and 1-5 elsewhere (Randall 1977, Last and Stevens 1994). Growth is slow in the wild, estimated at 2.1-4.2 cm year<sup>-1</sup> (Randall 1977), and it may attain sexual maturity at eight to nine years and live to about 16 years (Randall 1977, Smith et al. 1998). Generation length is estimated to be 12.25 years (Randall 1977).
Threats listed in assessment
Information pertaining to threats specific to the UAE are unavailable. This species is impacted by target (for fins and their valuable meat) and bycatch fisheries that are active elsewhere in its range. Marine habitats in the Gulf are experiencing high levels of disturbance and quickly deteriorating due to major impacts from development activities (including dredging and reclamation), desalination plants, industrial activities, habitat destruction through the removal of shallow productive areas and major shipping lanes (Sheppard et al. 2010). Corals in the UAE and Arabian Gulf have severely declined due to the increasing frequency of mass bleaching events caused by rising water temperatures, which is a consequence of climate change, as well as pervasive coastal development (Riegl et al. 2018, Burt et al. 2019).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
329869
Taxon name
Prionace glauca
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Prionace glauca
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
chondrichthyes
Order
carcharhiniformes
Family
carcharhinidae
Genus
Prionace
Species
glauca
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data Deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
In UAE waters, the Blue Shark may occur only in offshore waters of the Sea of Oman, though this remains unconfirmed. This species is considered productive, as it is relatively fast-growing and fecund. Around the world, the Blue Shark is taken in large numbers (an estimated 20 million individuals annually), mainly as bycatch, but there are no population estimates and many catches are unreported. IOTC fishery assessments suggest a wide range of stock statuses ranging from 'underexploited' to 'overfished with overfishing' occurring. Little is known on the population of this species in UAE waters. Given that its distribution in UAE waters (the Sea of Oman) remains uncertain, this species is listed as Data Deficient.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Blue Shark may occur in UAE waters on the Sea of Oman coast, but is not yet confirmed from there. It is excluded from the Arabian Gulf. Globally, it occurs throughout tropical and temperate seas from latitudes of about 60'°N to 50'°S (Last and Stevens 2009).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The Blue Shark is oceanic and pelagic, found from the surface to depths of 1000 m (Weigmann 2016). It occasionally occurs close inshore when the continental shelf is narrow. This species reaches a maximum size of about 380 cm total length (TL). About 50% of males in the Atlantic are sexually mature by 218 cm, although some may reach maturity as small as 182 cm TL. Females are sub-adult from 173-221 cm TL and fully mature from 221 cm TL (Pratt 1979), although pregnant specimens as small as 183 cm TL have been recorded from the eastern Pacific (Williams 1977).Blue Sharks are placentally viviparous, producing litters averaging about 35 pups (maximum recorded 135) after a gestation period of 9-12 months. At birth, pups measure 35-50 cm TL. Reproduction has been reported as seasonal in most areas, with the young often born in spring or summer (Pratt 1979, Stevens 1984, Nakano 1994) although the periods of ovulation and parturition may be extended (Hazin et al. 1994). Ageing studies suggest a longevity of about 20 years with males maturing at 4-6 and females at 5-7 years (Stevens 1975, Cailliet et al. 1983, Nakano 1994). Smith et al. (1998) estimated the intrinsic rate of population increase at MSY to be 0.061.Generation length is estimated to be 10.5 years based on study of Blue Shark in the Northwest Pacific by Nakano (1994).
Threats listed in assessment
Given the lack of clarity around the species occurrence in UAE waters, threats are poorly understood. In the UAE, sharks have been impacted by targeted commercial fisheries until 2014 when a ban on export of sharks was imposed (Ministry of Climate Change and Environment). Sharks continue to be impacted by artisanal and bycatch fisheries (Annual Fisheries Statistical Report for Abu Dhabi Emirate 2001-2018), though catch data are not species-specific. Marine habitats in the region have experienced high levels of disturbance and are quickly deteriorating due to major impacts from development activities (Sheppard <em style=""font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;orphans: 2; text-align:start;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;word-spacing:0px"">et al. 2010).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
329866
Taxon name
Carcharhinus longimanus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Carcharhinus longimanus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
chondrichthyes
Order
carcharhiniformes
Family
carcharhinidae
Genus
Carcharhinus
Species
longimanus
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data Deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
In UAE waters, the Oceanic Whitetip Shark may occur only in offshore waters of the Sea of Oman, though this remains unconfirmed. Only a single record of the species was taken for Oman from extensive landing site surveys and it is not known if that individual was caught from the Sea of Oman. This formerly abundant large oceanic shark is subject to fishing pressure virtually throughout its range. It is frequently caught as a bycatch in pelagic fisheries. While there is limited species-specific information available, its large size, valuable fins and intensive fisheries mean that, like many other large carcharhinids, it has certainly declined. Capture of this species is totally banned in the UAE. Little is known on the population of this species in UAE waters, including the impact from the likely major threat of overexploitation. Given that its distribution in UAE waters (the Sea of Oman) remains uncertain, this species is listed as Data Deficient.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Oceanic Whitetip Shark may occur in UAE waters on the Sea of Oman coast, but has not been confirmed there. It is excluded from the Arabian Gulf. Globally, it is one of the most widespread of pelagic shark species, ranging across entire oceans in tropical and subtropical waters, usually found far offshore between about 30'°N and 35'°S in all oceans (Last and Stevens 2009).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The Oceanic Whitetip is one of the most widespread sharks, ranging across entire oceans in tropical and subtropical waters. It is an oceanic-epipelagic shark, usually found far offshore in the open sea in waters 230 m deep, between about 30'°N and 35'°S in all oceans; it is normally found in surface waters, although it has been recorded to 1082 m (Weigmann 2016). It has occasionally been recorded inshore, but is more typically found offshore or around oceanic islands and areas with narrow continental shelves (Compagno et al. 2005, Last and Stevens 1994). Temperatures of waters in which it regularly occurs are 18 to 28'°C, with water above 20'°C preferred.The Oceanic Whitetip Shark attains a maximum size of 400 cm total length (TL) (Stevens 1984, Seki et al. 1998). Males mature at about 168 to 198 cm TL and females at 170 to 200 cm TL (Seki et al. 1998). This species is born at about 57 to 77 cm TL after a gestation period of about 10 to 12 months (Compagno et al. 2005), with 15 foetuses recorded from a female of 245 cm TL from the Red Sea (Gohar and Mazure 1964) and larger females appear to carry more young, although there may be regional variation (Bass et al. 1973). Development is viviparous and embryos have a yolk sac placenta that attaches to the uterine wall of the mother (Bigelow and Schroeder 1948). Seki et al. (1998) studied the age, growth and reproduction of the Oceanic Whitetip Shark in the north Pacific. Both male and female Oceanic Whitetip Sharks matured at 4 to 5 years of age. In the western North Pacific, the size and age at first maturity was 190-193.4 cm TL and 8-5-8.8 years for females and 172-194.4 cm TL and 6.8-8.9 years for males (Joung et al. 2016). Smith et al. (1998) investigated the intrinsic rebound potential of Pacific sharks and found that oceanic whitetips to be among a moderate rebound potential, because of their relatively fast growth and early maturation. The species is estimated from a lifetable model created based on the WCPFC stock assessment to have a generation length of 16.4 years (M. J. Juan Jordá unpubl. data - based on the WCPFC stock assessment).
Threats listed in assessment
In the UAE, sharks are impacted by both targeted and bycatch fisheries (Annual Fisheries Statistical Report for Abu Dhabi Emirate 2001-2018) though catch data are not species specific. Marine habitats in the region have experienced high levels of disturbance and are quickly deteriorating due to major impacts from development activities (Sheppard <em style=""font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;orphans: 2; text-align:start;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;word-spacing:0px"">et al. 2010).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
224286
Taxon name
Stenella longirostris
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Stenella longirostris
Common name(s)
Dauphin long-bec
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
cetacea
Family
delphinidae
Genus
Stenella
Species
longirostris
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
France (Scattered Islands)
Scope (of the Assessment)
Subnational
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
France
French Southern Territories (the)
Country ISO code(s)
FRA
FR-TF
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data Deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Year assessed
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
IUCN French Committee & National Museum for Natural History
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
URL (link) of redlist assessment or publication
https://inpn.mnhn.fr/docs/LR_FCE/Dossier_presse_Liste_rouge_Vertebres_des_TAAF.pdf
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Is there a map available in assessment?
Not_assigned
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Publication
UICN France, MNHN & TAAF (2015). La Liste rouge des espèces menacées en France - Chapitre Vertébrés des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises. Paris, France. Dossier électronique