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EN

Assessment ID
330947
Taxon name
Volutaria sinaica
(DC.) Wagenitz
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Volutaria sinaica
(DC.) Wagenitz
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
asterales
Family
asteraceae
Genus
Volutaria
Species
sinaica
Species authority
(DC.) Wagenitz
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
D
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
Although a wider distribution through the Hajar Mountains is given by Jongbloed et al. (2003), there is little information recorded for this species, aside from an observation of the plant at a single locality within the Olive Highlands where fewer than 50 individuals were seen. As a result, it qualifies as Critically Endangered. It is known from two other sites in Wilayat Mahdhah, part of Oman, at lower elevations within steep mountain wadis. The species was first recorded at the known UAE site in 2014, meaning it is possible that the species is the result of natural introduction (potentially through wind dispersal) from Oman. As such, the potential for future colonisation is considered to be high and a regional adjustment of one category is applied, making the final category Endangered.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Jongbloed et al. (2003) show a narrow distribution through the Hajar Mountains in the UAE. This species has also been recorded within the Olive Highlands in the UAE (Feulner 2014), on the upper parts of Jebel Qitab summit plateau at c.1,000 m elevation. It also occurs in adjacent parts of Oman in the same mountain group, as well as at lower altitudes (Jongbloed et al. 2003). The species is found in fallow fields and in plantations (Jongbloed et al. 2003) and is a ruderal species (Feulner 2014), and its origin in the country perhaps requires confirmation. Globally, this species occurs across the Sahara and northern Africa from Morocco eastwards to the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019). Plants of the World Online does not list the UAE as a native country for this species (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019), however Ghazanfar (2015) includes the UAE, Oman, and northern and eastern Saudi Arabia in the regional distribution.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This annual herb has been recorded from ridge-tops and summit plateau within the mountainous habitat of the Olive Highlands (Feulner 2014) in stony areas. The species is found in fallow fields and in plantations (Jongbloed et al. 2003) and is a ruderal species (Feulner 2014). In Oman, the species occurs in the foothills and coastal plains, in sandy soil, in wadis, fallow fields, and roadsides (Ghazanfar 2015).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
There are no known threats.
History
The species was first recorded for the UAE in 2014, however occurrence on a similar basis in 1996 is likely and is considered to have also been EN(D) at that time.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330902
Taxon name
Polygala irregularis
Boiss.
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Polygala irregularis
Boiss.
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
fabales
Family
polygalaceae
Genus
Polygala
Species
irregularis
Species authority
Boiss.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
B1ab(iii)
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species is known from a few scattered localities within the northeast of the UAE. It has an estimated EOO of 3,992 km<sup>2</sup> and occurs at four locations. Due to grazing, it is undergoing a continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat. Therefore, it is assessed as Endangered.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the UAE, this species has been recorded from Al Ain and Sharjah (Jongbloed et al. 2003), in addition to two other scattered localities within the northeast of the country (Sharjah Seed Bank and Herbarium pers. comm. 2019). The estimated EOO of this species is 3,992 km<sup>2</sup> and it is considered to occur at four locations, based on the most important threat of grazing. Globally, the native range of this species spans across the Sahara, Kenya and India, including the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This annual (or short-lived perennial) herb species has slender stems that can reach up to 0.3 m in height (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Norton et al. 2009). It has linear to oblong leaves, mauve flowers, which can be seen between February and May, and fruit capsules (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Polygala irregularis typically grows within stable sand between sand dunes (Jongbloed et al. 2003), although it has also been recorded from a road-side in Al Ain.
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
This species is known to be affected by grazing.
History
The species' status is thought to have deteriorated due to development and grazing since 1996, when it would have been Least Concern.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330888
Taxon name
Melhania muricata
Balf.f.
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Melhania muricata
Balf.f.
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
malvales
Family
malvaceae
Genus
Melhania
Species
muricata
Species authority
Balf.f.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
D
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species occurs within a specific, restricted area of the UAE and is considered to have a small overall population of around 250 individuals. The species is also generally described as rare which suggests that, despite there currently being no major known threats, if a major threat was to arise, it could decimate this small population rapidly. As such, it is cautiously assessed as Endangered according to its small population size and apparent rarity. There is no rescue effect due to no nearby subpopulations of this species and, therefore, no regional adjustment is required.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is restricted to the Olive Highlands in the UAE. It is generally found at high elevations within this area, including the summit ridge of Jebel Qitab which is c.1,000 m (Feulner 2014, G.R. Feulner in lit. MEW 2010), with an additional locality was recently found in the upper parts of Wadi Sahm (D. Aplin pers. comm. 2019). It is not thought to occur elsewhere in the UAE (Feulner 2014). The estimated EOO for this species is approximately 330 km<sup>2 </sup>and the maximum estimate for AOO of this species is 312 km<sup>2</sup>. Globally, this species is native to Kenya, Socotra and the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
It is a perennial plant with a woody base and can reach up to 0.3 m in height (Jongbloed et al. 2003). The leaves are lance-shaped with toothed edges (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Yellow flowers can be seen between February and April (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It generally grows on hillsides (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Species from the Melhania genus are known to be food plants for the larval stage of the Zebra Grizzled Skipper, Spialia zebra (Feulner 2007).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
There is no evidence that the species is browsed.
History
The situation for this species in 1996 is likely to be similar to the current situation, due to its restricted distribution, rarity and generally small population size.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330884
Taxon name
Limonium carnosum
(Boiss.) Kuntze
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Limonium carnosum
(Boiss.) Kuntze
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
caryophyllales
Family
plumbaginaceae
Genus
Limonium
Species
carnosum
Species authority
(Boiss.) Kuntze
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Limonium carnosum name record as unresolved, it differs from L. failachicum in vegetative traits by having very long, nearly erect stems and narrower leaves (the ratio of length to width is smaller) and in the flowering characters by distinctly larger bracts and calyces; L. carnosum has clearly larger bracts and calyces than L. failachicum. Plant list, 2020 suggest that it is asynonymous with Satica camosa Boiss.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
B1ab(iii)
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species occurs in severely fragmented localities across the UAE. The estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) of its range is 493 km<sup>2</sup>, which falls within the threshold for Endangered under Criterion B1. In addition, this species is considered to occur at three threat-based locations and is experiencing ongoing decline in the extent and quality of habitat due to development of buildings, roads and infrastructure. Therefore, this species is assessed as Endangered B1ab(iii).
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the UAE, it has been recorded at coastal sites including Ras al-Khaimah (Jongbloed et al. 2003). The estimated EOO is 493 km<sup>2</sup> and this species is considered to occur at three locations. The native range of this species is the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This perennial herb has a woody base and can reach up to 30 cm in height (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is often covered in salt crystals, has narrow spoon-shaped leaves and pale-pink or white flowers which are seen between March and May (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Limonium carnosum is generally found growing in saline sand and silt within gravel plain environments (Jongbloed et al. 2003), although it also utilises rocky environments.
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
This species is threatened by development and construction of roads, buildings and infrastructure within its range (G.R. Feulner in litt., MEW 2010).
History
Coastal development along the Arabian Gulf Coast of the UAE has increased in frequency and intensity since 1996, reducing the extent of quality of available habitat for this species.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330862
Taxon name
Halothamnus bottae
Jaub. & Spach
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Halothamnus bottae
Jaub. & Spach
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
caryophyllales
Family
amaranthaceae
Genus
Halothamnus
Species
bottae
Species authority
Jaub. & Spach
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(ii,iii,iv,v)
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
The species is known form just a few scattered localities with a highly restricted EOO and AOO, although it is not considered to be uncommon within this range and may well be under-recorded due to being overlooked. Declines have been observed around Jebel Hafeet, which are suspected to be continuing. As a result, the species is assessed as Endangered (B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(ii,iii,iv,v)).
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the UAE, this species has been recorded from a few scattered localities on the gravel plains at the base of Jebel Hafeet (G. Brown pers. comm. 2019) and from Al-Wigan (Jongbloed et al. 2003). some localities around the base of Jebel Hafeet have been lost in recent years (G. Brown pers. comm. 2020). The extent of occurrence is suspected to be less than 600 km<sup>2</sup> and the area of occupancy to be very much less than 500 km<sup>2</sup>, however precise figures are not available. Globally, this species is native to temperate Asia and the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This perennial, low shrublet species is known to grow in sand, gravel plains and saline, limestone wadis (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006, G. Brown pers. comm. 2019). It can reach 0.7 m in height, has pale-brown branches, scale-like and alternating triangle leaves, in addition to flower spikes (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
Development and livestock are known to be significant threats on the gravel plains around Jebel Hafeet.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330838
Taxon name
Dipcadi biflorum
Ghaz.
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Dipcadi biflorum
Ghaz.
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
liliopsida
Order
asparagales
Family
asparagaceae
Genus
Dipcadi
Species
biflorum
Species authority
Ghaz.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
B1ab(iii,iv,v)
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species has a restricted distribution within the UAE, consisting of two major subpopulations. These populations are considered to be severely fragmented. At least one of its known localities, Khor Zawra, has been lost due to land being converted into a golf course. Ongoing development is occurring at other sites, such as Jebel Hafeet, and this suggests that the overall population is declining. The estimated EOO for this species is 1,432 km<sup>2</sup> which falls within the threshold for threatened categories. Therefore, this species is assessed as Endangered (EN B1ab(iii,iv,v)).
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species has been recorded at Qarn Nizwa (Jongbloed et al. 2003). More recently, it has also been recorded at Jebel Hafeet (Sakkir and Brown 2013). It is also known from Jebel Fayah and was previously recorded from Khor Zawra, although this locality was recently converted into a golf course. The estimated extent of occurrence for this species is 1,432 km<sup>2</sup>. The global distribution of this species comprises the south-east of the Arabian Peninsula and western Socotra (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This is a perennial bulb species. It has two or three narrow, curled leaves and is found in gravel in low, limestone hills (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Flowering takes place from February to March, producing two brown flowers per plant, but only after rains (Jongbloed et al. 2003).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
This species may be at risk from development at Jebel Hafeet. One of its previous localities, Khor Zawra, has been lost due to land conversion for use as a golf course.
History
This species has been fragmented with a small distribution in the past, with a backcast listing of EN B1ab(iii). Threats due to ongoing development and land conversion are still having a negative impact on this species.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330811
Taxon name
Astragalus squarrosus
Bunge
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Astragalus squarrosus
Bunge
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
fabales
Family
fabaceae
Genus
Astragalus
Species
squarrosus
Species authority
Bunge
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
B1ab(iii)
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species occurs in Umm al-Quwain and Jebel Ali along the Arabian Gulf Coast of the UAE. These coastal areas are currently undergoing development for residential, commercial and industrial purposes. As a result, this species' habitat is reducing in extent and quality. In addition, the species has a relatively restricted range, with an estimated EOO of 1,885 km<sup>2</sup> and two locations. Therefore, it is assessed as Endangered.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the UAE, this species occurs along the Arabian Gulf coast within the north of the country (Jongbloed et al. 2003), including from Jebel Ali, northwards to Umm al-Quwain. The estimated EOO is 1,885 km<sup>2</sup> and the species is considered to occur within two threat-based locations. The native range of this species spans from the Arabian Peninsula to central Asia and Pakistan (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
It is a perennial species that can grow up to 0.5 m in height (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It produces oval leaves with pointed tips, pink flowers between February and April and egg shaped seed pods (Jongbloed et al. 2003). The entire plant is also covered in fine white hairs (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Astragalus squarrosus typically grows within sand dunes (Jongbloed et al. 2003).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
Known localities of this species, including Jebel Ali, have been highly developed as result of ongoing coastal development in the UAE. For example, a specific site where this species was previously found has now been converted into a golf course.
History
Coastal development within the UAE has been increasing in frequency and intensity since 1996, reducing the extent and quality of available habitat for this species.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330760
Taxon name
Echiochilon jugatum
I.M.Johnst.
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Echiochilon jugatum
I.M.Johnst.
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
boraginales
Family
boraginaceae
Genus
Echiochilon
Species
jugatum
Species authority
I.M.Johnst.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
B1ab(iii,iv,v)
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
In the UAE, this species is found along the Arabian Gulf coast. The estimated EOO of this species is 779 km<sup>2</sup> and is estimated to occur at three threat-based locations. Echiochilon jugatum is undergoing a continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat due to ongoing coastal development in the UAE. For example, the Taweela subpopulation of this species has now been lost due to the construction of an aluminium plant. Therefore, it is assessed as Endangered.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
In the UAE, this species is found along the Gulf coast, including Ras al-Khiamah (Jongbloed et al. 2003, MEW 2010) although Hornby (2005), who previously found the species at Taweela, considered it to be a ""very thinly spread"" species. The estimated EOO of E. jugatum is 779 km<sup>2</sup> and is considered to occur at three locations based on ongoing degradation and development. The global range of this species is through the Arabian Peninsula from sea level to 200 m asl in Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman (Långström 2002), and Saudi Arabia (Norton et al. 2009).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
It is a perennial shrublet that grows on sand (Långström 2002). In the UAE, the species is found on coastal saline soils (MEW 2010).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
This species has been impacted by continuing coastal development in the UAE. For example, the subpopulation previously found at Taweela has now been lost due to construction of an aluminium plant (G. Brown pers. comm. 2019).
History
Coastal development within the UAE has been increasing in frequency and intensity since 1996, reducing the extent and quality of available habitat for this species.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330755
Taxon name
Desmidorchis flava
(N.E.Br.) Meve & Liede
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Desmidorchis flava
(N.E.Br.) Meve & Liede
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
gentianales
Family
apocynaceae
Genus
Desmidorchis
Species
flava
Species authority
(N.E.Br.) Meve & Liede
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
D
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species has a fairly restricted distribution within the UAE and is considered to be rare, even within its range. The estimated EOO and of this species is 261 km<sup>2</sup> which falls within the threshold for threatened categories. Based on this restricted distribution and the possibility of collection from the wild for cultivation, in addition to the rarity of the species, the species is assessed as Endangered, with the number of mature individuals suspected to be fewer than 250. No rescue effect is likely, with the nearest populations some distance away in Oman.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Desmidorchis flava occurs in Wadi Farfar, Wadi Sfai and Wadi Sahm (Olive Highlands) within the Hajar Mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Feulner 2014, D. Aplin pers. comm. 2019). The estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) for this species 261 km<sup>2</sup>. It is also known from Jebel Ghaweel in Oman. Globally this species occurs in Yemen, Oman, the UAE and Qatar (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is a perennial succulent growing up to 30 cm (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It produces yellow flowers between February and May and grows on hillsides and in wadis (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Feulner 2014).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
The species has a restricted area and is vulnerable to collection for cultivation.
History
The current situation of this species is not thought to have changed substantially since 1996.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330736
Taxon name
Acridocarpus orientalis
A.Juss.
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Acridocarpus orientalis
A.Juss.
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
malpighiales
Family
malpighiaceae
Genus
Acridocarpus
Species
orientalis
Species authority
A.Juss.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
D
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
Within the UAE, this species is restricted to Wadi Tarabat in the northern foothills of Jebel Hafeet in Abu Dhabi Emirate. It has an extent of occurrence (EOO) and an area of occupancy (AOO) of less than 8 km<sup>2</sup>. Around 200 individuals are known, however, the population trend is not known, nor whether there is a decline in the number of mature individuals or habitat quality. Jebel Hafeet has been subject to habitat degradation as a result of livestock grazing, however fencing to restrict grazing in Wadi Tarabat was implemented in 2005, and again around 2017, and all known individuals of this species occur within this fenced area. The species is assessed as Endangered (EN D) as a result of its restricted population size (&lt;200 mature individuals). Further research is needed to understand the current situation for this species, and continued conservation action is required. The species potentially qualifies as CR as a result of the restricted EOO and AOO, if a continuing decline is shown. The species does occur as significant wadi and mountain slope populations in adjacent parts of Oman to the east and south. No immigration is known in recent years and therefore no regional adjustment is required.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the UAE, this species is restricted to a single wadi (Fawzi and Ksiksi 2012, Ksiksi et al. 2012): Wadi Tarabat, a valley in the northern foothills of Jebel Hafeet in Abu Dhabi Emirate (Jongbloed et al. 2003). The native range of this species is reported as north-east Somalia, the Arabian Peninsula, and Iran (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019). Within Oman, the species is known from a number of localities in the Hajar Mountains, including Jebel Akhdar, Muscat and north to the Musandam Peninsula.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
A perennial, woody, branched shrub, up to 2(-6) m in height that flowers in April-June in addition to October and November (Jongbloed et al. 2003). In its Arabian Peninsula range, the species is found in semi-desert bushland, in rocky places, particularly in wadis, from 100-700 m asl (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
Jongbloed et al. (2003) stated that the species is not grazed by livestock, however, the Jebel Hafeet area has been heavily degraded by livestock and introduced animal grazing.
History
This species naturally occurs within a restricted distribution, which is not believed to have been altered between 1996 and the present.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.