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Assessment ID

2023-34

Taxon name

Aegypius monachus

Uploaded by

Red List of Andorra

Taxonomic information

Scientific name

Aegypius monachus

Common name(s)

Voltor negre (ca)

Assessed taxon level

Species

Higher level taxonomic groupings

Vertebrates

Birds

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Aegypius

Species

monachus

Species authority

Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed

Non-breeding in Andorra

Location and scope

Scope (of the Assessment)

National

Countries included within the scope of the assessment

Andorra

Country ISO code(s)

Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?

Not assigned

Conservation Status

Assessed as

Endangered

Abbreviated status

Qualifying criteria (if given)

criteria_unknown

Criteria system used

IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment details

Year assessed

2023

Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed

Criteria system used

IUCN

Reference for methods given

IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. ii + 30pp. plus regional guidelines v.4.0

Further information

Endemism (according to assessment)

Endemic to region

Habitat and systems

Ecological system type

Terrestrial

Yes

Freshwater

Marine

Publication

Llista vermella de la fauna vertebrada d'Andorra - Validació de l'actualització parcial 2023

INTUITIV (2023). Llista vermella de la fauna vertebrada d'Andorra - Validació de l'evaluació parcial 2023. Workshop Report. INTUITIV & Govern d'Andorra. 21pp.

Assessment ID

2023-24

Taxon name

Oryctolagus cuniculus

Uploaded by

Red List of Andorra

Taxonomic information

Scientific name

Oryctolagus cuniculus

Common name(s)

Conill (ca)

Assessed taxon level

Species

Higher level taxonomic groupings

Vertebrates

Mammals

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Oryctolagus

Species

cuniculus

Species authority

Location and scope

Scope (of the Assessment)

National

Countries included within the scope of the assessment

Andorra

Country ISO code(s)

Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?

Not assigned

Conservation Status

Assessed as

Endangered

Abbreviated status

Qualifying criteria (if given)

A2c; B2a+bii+biii

Criteria system used

IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment details

Year assessed

2023

Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed

Criteria system used

IUCN

Reference for methods given

IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. ii + 30pp. plus regional guidelines v.4.0

Further information

Endemism (according to assessment)

Endemic to region

Habitat and systems

Ecological system type

Terrestrial

Yes

Freshwater

Marine

Publication

Llista vermella de la fauna vertebrada d'Andorra - Validació de l'actualització parcial 2023

INTUITIV (2023). Llista vermella de la fauna vertebrada d'Andorra - Validació de l'evaluació parcial 2023. Workshop Report. INTUITIV & Govern d'Andorra. 21pp.

Assessment ID

2023-12

Taxon name

Timon lepidus

Uploaded by

Red List of Andorra

Taxonomic information

Scientific name

Timon lepidus

Common name(s)

Llangardaix ocel·lat (ca)

Assessed taxon level

Species

Higher level taxonomic groupings

Vertebrates

Reptiles

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Timon

Species

lepidus

Species authority

Location and scope

Scope (of the Assessment)

National

Countries included within the scope of the assessment

Andorra

Country ISO code(s)

Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?

Not assigned

Conservation Status

Assessed as

Endangered

Abbreviated status

Qualifying criteria (if given)

B2a+biii

Criteria system used

IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment details

Year assessed

2023

Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed

Criteria system used

IUCN

Reference for methods given

IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. ii + 30pp. plus regional guidelines v.4.0

Further information

Endemism (according to assessment)

Endemic to region

Habitat and systems

Ecological system type

Terrestrial

Yes

Freshwater

Marine

Publication

Llista vermella de la fauna vertebrada d'Andorra - Validació de l'actualització parcial 2023

INTUITIV (2023). Llista vermella de la fauna vertebrada d'Andorra - Validació de l'evaluació parcial 2023. Workshop Report. INTUITIV & Govern d'Andorra. 21pp.

Assessment ID

2023-02

Taxon name

Bufo spinosus

Uploaded by

Red List of Andorra

Taxonomic information

Scientific name

Bufo spinosus

Common name(s)

Gripau comú (ca)

Assessed taxon level

Species

Higher level taxonomic groupings

Vertebrates

Amphibians

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Bufo

Species

spinosus

Species authority

Location and scope

Scope (of the Assessment)

National

Countries included within the scope of the assessment

Andorra

Country ISO code(s)

Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?

Not assigned

Conservation Status

Assessed as

Endangered

Abbreviated status

Qualifying criteria (if given)

A2c; B2a+biii

Criteria system used

IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment details

Year assessed

2023

Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed

Criteria system used

IUCN

Reference for methods given

IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. ii + 30pp. plus regional guidelines v.4.0

Further information

Endemism (according to assessment)

Endemic to region

Habitat and systems

Ecological system type

Terrestrial

Yes

Freshwater

Yes

Marine

Publication

Llista vermella de la fauna vertebrada d'Andorra - Validació de l'actualització parcial 2023

INTUITIV (2023). Llista vermella de la fauna vertebrada d'Andorra - Validació de l'evaluació parcial 2023. Workshop Report. INTUITIV & Govern d'Andorra. 21pp.

Assessment ID

330947

Taxon name

Volutaria sinaica

(DC.) Wagenitz

Uploaded by

National Red List Database

Taxonomic information

Scientific name

Volutaria sinaica

(DC.) Wagenitz

Assessed taxon level

Species

Higher level taxonomic groupings

Plants

Flowering Plants

Kingdom

Plantae

Phylum

tracheophyta

Class

magnoliopsida

Order

asterales

Family

asteraceae

Genus

Volutaria

Species

sinaica

Species authority

(DC.) Wagenitz

Location and scope

Specific locality or subnational name or regional name

United Arab Emirates (the)

Scope (of the Assessment)

National

Countries included within the scope of the assessment

United Arab Emirates (the)

Country ISO code(s)

ARE

Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?

Not_assigned

Conservation Status

Assessed as

Endangered

Abbreviated status

Qualifying criteria (if given)

Criteria system used

IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification

Although a wider distribution through the Hajar Mountains is given by Jongbloed et al. (2003), there is little information recorded for this species, aside from an observation of the plant at a single locality within the Olive Highlands where fewer than 50 individuals were seen. As a result, it qualifies as Critically Endangered. It is known from two other sites in Wilayat Mahdhah, part of Oman, at lower elevations within steep mountain wadis. The species was first recorded at the known UAE site in 2014, meaning it is possible that the species is the result of natural introduction (potentially through wind dispersal) from Oman. As such, the potential for future colonisation is considered to be high and a regional adjustment of one category is applied, making the final category Endangered.

Assessment details

Year assessed

2019

Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed

UAE National Red List Workshop

Criteria system used

IUCN

Reference for methods given

IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.

Further information

Endemism (according to assessment)

Endemic to region

Not assigned

Taxon distribution as listed in assessment

Jongbloed et al. (2003) show a narrow distribution through the Hajar Mountains in the UAE. This species has also been recorded within the Olive Highlands in the UAE (Feulner 2014), on the upper parts of Jebel Qitab summit plateau at c.1,000 m elevation. It also occurs in adjacent parts of Oman in the same mountain group, as well as at lower altitudes (Jongbloed et al. 2003). The species is found in fallow fields and in plantations (Jongbloed et al. 2003) and is a ruderal species (Feulner 2014), and its origin in the country perhaps requires confirmation. Globally, this species occurs across the Sahara and northern Africa from Morocco eastwards to the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019). Plants of the World Online does not list the UAE as a native country for this species (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019), however Ghazanfar (2015) includes the UAE, Oman, and northern and eastern Saudi Arabia in the regional distribution.

Is there a map available in assessment?

Yes

Habitat and systems

Ecological system type

Terrestrial

Not_assigned

Freshwater

Not_assigned

Marine

Not_assigned

Habitat

Habitat details as listed in assessment

This annual herb has been recorded from ridge-tops and summit plateau within the mountainous habitat of the Olive Highlands (Feulner 2014) in stony areas. The species is found in fallow fields and in plantations (Jongbloed et al. 2003) and is a ruderal species (Feulner 2014). In Oman, the species occurs in the foothills and coastal plains, in sandy soil, in wadis, fallow fields, and roadsides (Ghazanfar 2015).

Threats and conservation measures listed

Threats listed in assessment

There are no known threats.

History

The species was first recorded for the UAE in 2014, however occurrence on a similar basis in 1996 is likely and is considered to have also been EN(D) at that time.

Publication

UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.

Assessment ID

330902

Taxon name

Polygala irregularis

Boiss.

Uploaded by

National Red List Database

Taxonomic information

Scientific name

Polygala irregularis

Boiss.

Assessed taxon level

Species

Higher level taxonomic groupings

Plants

Flowering Plants

Kingdom

Plantae

Phylum

tracheophyta

Class

magnoliopsida

Order

fabales

Family

polygalaceae

Genus

Polygala

Species

irregularis

Species authority

Boiss.

Location and scope

Specific locality or subnational name or regional name

United Arab Emirates (the)

Scope (of the Assessment)

National

Countries included within the scope of the assessment

United Arab Emirates (the)

Country ISO code(s)

ARE

Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?

Not_assigned

Conservation Status

Assessed as

Endangered

Abbreviated status

Qualifying criteria (if given)

B1ab(iii)

Criteria system used

IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification

This species is known from a few scattered localities within the northeast of the UAE. It has an estimated EOO of 3,992 km2 and occurs at four locations. Due to grazing, it is undergoing a continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat. Therefore, it is assessed as Endangered.

Assessment details

Year assessed

2019

Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed

UAE National Red List Workshop

Criteria system used

IUCN

Reference for methods given

Further information

Endemism (according to assessment)

Endemic to region

Not assigned

Taxon distribution as listed in assessment

Within the UAE, this species has been recorded from Al Ain and Sharjah (Jongbloed et al. 2003), in addition to two other scattered localities within the northeast of the country (Sharjah Seed Bank and Herbarium pers. comm. 2019). The estimated EOO of this species is 3,992 km2 and it is considered to occur at four locations, based on the most important threat of grazing. Globally, the native range of this species spans across the Sahara, Kenya and India, including the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

Is there a map available in assessment?

Yes

Habitat and systems

Ecological system type

Terrestrial

Not_assigned

Freshwater

Not_assigned

Marine

Not_assigned

Habitat

Habitat details as listed in assessment

This annual (or short-lived perennial) herb species has slender stems that can reach up to 0.3 m in height (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Norton et al. 2009). It has linear to oblong leaves, mauve flowers, which can be seen between February and May, and fruit capsules (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Polygala irregularis typically grows within stable sand between sand dunes (Jongbloed et al. 2003), although it has also been recorded from a road-side in Al Ain.

Threats and conservation measures listed

Threats listed in assessment

This species is known to be affected by grazing.

History

The species' status is thought to have deteriorated due to development and grazing since 1996, when it would have been Least Concern.

Publication

UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Assessment ID

330888

Taxon name

Melhania muricata

Balf.f.

Uploaded by

National Red List Database

Taxonomic information

Scientific name

Melhania muricata

Balf.f.

Assessed taxon level

Species

Higher level taxonomic groupings

Plants

Flowering Plants

Kingdom

Plantae

Phylum

tracheophyta

Class

magnoliopsida

Order

malvales

Family

malvaceae

Genus

Melhania

Species

muricata

Species authority

Balf.f.

Location and scope

Specific locality or subnational name or regional name

United Arab Emirates (the)

Scope (of the Assessment)

National

Countries included within the scope of the assessment

United Arab Emirates (the)

Country ISO code(s)

ARE

Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?

Not_assigned

Conservation Status

Assessed as

Endangered

Abbreviated status

Qualifying criteria (if given)

Criteria system used

IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification

This species occurs within a specific, restricted area of the UAE and is considered to have a small overall population of around 250 individuals. The species is also generally described as rare which suggests that, despite there currently being no major known threats, if a major threat was to arise, it could decimate this small population rapidly. As such, it is cautiously assessed as Endangered according to its small population size and apparent rarity. There is no rescue effect due to no nearby subpopulations of this species and, therefore, no regional adjustment is required.

Assessment details

Year assessed

2019

Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed

UAE National Red List Workshop

Criteria system used

IUCN

Reference for methods given

Further information

Endemism (according to assessment)

Endemic to region

Not assigned

Taxon distribution as listed in assessment

This species is restricted to the Olive Highlands in the UAE. It is generally found at high elevations within this area, including the summit ridge of Jebel Qitab which is c.1,000 m (Feulner 2014, G.R. Feulner in lit. MEW 2010), with an additional locality was recently found in the upper parts of Wadi Sahm (D. Aplin pers. comm. 2019). It is not thought to occur elsewhere in the UAE (Feulner 2014). The estimated EOO for this species is approximately 330 km2 and the maximum estimate for AOO of this species is 312 km2. Globally, this species is native to Kenya, Socotra and the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

Is there a map available in assessment?

Yes

Habitat and systems

Ecological system type

Terrestrial

Not_assigned

Freshwater

Not_assigned

Marine

Not_assigned

Habitat

Habitat details as listed in assessment

It is a perennial plant with a woody base and can reach up to 0.3 m in height (Jongbloed et al. 2003). The leaves are lance-shaped with toothed edges (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Yellow flowers can be seen between February and April (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It generally grows on hillsides (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Species from the Melhania genus are known to be food plants for the larval stage of the Zebra Grizzled Skipper, Spialia zebra (Feulner 2007).

Threats and conservation measures listed

Threats listed in assessment

There is no evidence that the species is browsed.

History

The situation for this species in 1996 is likely to be similar to the current situation, due to its restricted distribution, rarity and generally small population size.

Publication

UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Assessment ID

330884

Taxon name

Limonium carnosum

(Boiss.) Kuntze

Uploaded by

National Red List Database

Taxonomic information

Scientific name

Limonium carnosum

(Boiss.) Kuntze

Assessed taxon level

Species

Higher level taxonomic groupings

Plants

Flowering Plants

Kingdom

Plantae

Phylum

tracheophyta

Class

magnoliopsida

Order

caryophyllales

Family

plumbaginaceae

Genus

Limonium

Species

carnosum

Species authority

(Boiss.) Kuntze

Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed

Limonium carnosum name record as unresolved, it differs from L. failachicum in vegetative traits by having very long, nearly erect stems and narrower leaves (the ratio of length to width is smaller) and in the flowering characters by distinctly larger bracts and calyces; L. carnosum has clearly larger bracts and calyces than L. failachicum. Plant list, 2020 suggest that it is asynonymous with Satica camosa Boiss.

Location and scope

Specific locality or subnational name or regional name

United Arab Emirates (the)

Scope (of the Assessment)

National

Countries included within the scope of the assessment

United Arab Emirates (the)

Country ISO code(s)

ARE

Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?

Not_assigned

Conservation Status

Assessed as

Endangered

Abbreviated status

Qualifying criteria (if given)

B1ab(iii)

Criteria system used

IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification

This species occurs in severely fragmented localities across the UAE. The estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) of its range is 493 km2, which falls within the threshold for Endangered under Criterion B1. In addition, this species is considered to occur at three threat-based locations and is experiencing ongoing decline in the extent and quality of habitat due to development of buildings, roads and infrastructure. Therefore, this species is assessed as Endangered B1ab(iii).

Assessment details

Year assessed

2019

Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed

UAE National Red List Workshop

Criteria system used

IUCN

Reference for methods given

Further information

Endemism (according to assessment)

Endemic to region

Not assigned

Taxon distribution as listed in assessment

Within the UAE, it has been recorded at coastal sites including Ras al-Khaimah (Jongbloed et al. 2003). The estimated EOO is 493 km2 and this species is considered to occur at three locations. The native range of this species is the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

Is there a map available in assessment?

Yes

Habitat and systems

Ecological system type

Terrestrial

Not_assigned

Freshwater

Not_assigned

Marine

Not_assigned

Habitat

Habitat details as listed in assessment

This perennial herb has a woody base and can reach up to 30 cm in height (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is often covered in salt crystals, has narrow spoon-shaped leaves and pale-pink or white flowers which are seen between March and May (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Limonium carnosum is generally found growing in saline sand and silt within gravel plain environments (Jongbloed et al. 2003), although it also utilises rocky environments.

Threats and conservation measures listed

Threats listed in assessment

This species is threatened by development and construction of roads, buildings and infrastructure within its range (G.R. Feulner in litt., MEW 2010).

History

Coastal development along the Arabian Gulf Coast of the UAE has increased in frequency and intensity since 1996, reducing the extent of quality of available habitat for this species.

Publication

UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Assessment ID

330862

Taxon name

Halothamnus bottae

Jaub. & Spach

Uploaded by

National Red List Database

Taxonomic information

Scientific name

Halothamnus bottae

Jaub. & Spach

Assessed taxon level

Species

Higher level taxonomic groupings

Plants

Flowering Plants

Kingdom

Plantae

Phylum

tracheophyta

Class

magnoliopsida

Order

caryophyllales

Family

amaranthaceae

Genus

Halothamnus

Species

bottae

Species authority

Jaub. & Spach

Location and scope

Specific locality or subnational name or regional name

United Arab Emirates (the)

Scope (of the Assessment)

National

Countries included within the scope of the assessment

United Arab Emirates (the)

Country ISO code(s)

ARE

Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?

Not_assigned

Conservation Status

Assessed as

Endangered

Abbreviated status

Qualifying criteria (if given)

B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(ii,iii,iv,v)

Criteria system used

IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification

The species is known form just a few scattered localities with a highly restricted EOO and AOO, although it is not considered to be uncommon within this range and may well be under-recorded due to being overlooked. Declines have been observed around Jebel Hafeet, which are suspected to be continuing. As a result, the species is assessed as Endangered (B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(ii,iii,iv,v)).

Assessment details

Year assessed

2019

Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed

UAE National Red List Workshop

Criteria system used

IUCN

Reference for methods given

Further information

Endemism (according to assessment)

Endemic to region

Not assigned

Taxon distribution as listed in assessment

Within the UAE, this species has been recorded from a few scattered localities on the gravel plains at the base of Jebel Hafeet (G. Brown pers. comm. 2019) and from Al-Wigan (Jongbloed et al. 2003). some localities around the base of Jebel Hafeet have been lost in recent years (G. Brown pers. comm. 2020). The extent of occurrence is suspected to be less than 600 km2 and the area of occupancy to be very much less than 500 km2, however precise figures are not available. Globally, this species is native to temperate Asia and the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

Is there a map available in assessment?

Yes

Habitat and systems

Ecological system type

Terrestrial

Not_assigned

Freshwater

Not_assigned

Marine

Not_assigned

Habitat

Habitat details as listed in assessment

This perennial, low shrublet species is known to grow in sand, gravel plains and saline, limestone wadis (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006, G. Brown pers. comm. 2019). It can reach 0.7 m in height, has pale-brown branches, scale-like and alternating triangle leaves, in addition to flower spikes (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006).

Threats and conservation measures listed

Threats listed in assessment

Development and livestock are known to be significant threats on the gravel plains around Jebel Hafeet.

Publication

UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Assessment ID

330838

Taxon name

Dipcadi biflorum

Ghaz.

Uploaded by

National Red List Database

Taxonomic information

Scientific name

Dipcadi biflorum

Ghaz.

Assessed taxon level

Species

Higher level taxonomic groupings

Plants

Flowering Plants

Kingdom

Plantae

Phylum

tracheophyta

Class

liliopsida

Order

asparagales

Family

asparagaceae

Genus

Dipcadi

Species

biflorum

Species authority

Ghaz.

Location and scope

Specific locality or subnational name or regional name

United Arab Emirates (the)

Scope (of the Assessment)

National

Countries included within the scope of the assessment

United Arab Emirates (the)

Country ISO code(s)

ARE

Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?

Not_assigned

Conservation Status

Assessed as

Endangered

Abbreviated status

Qualifying criteria (if given)

B1ab(iii,iv,v)

Criteria system used

IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification

This species has a restricted distribution within the UAE, consisting of two major subpopulations. These populations are considered to be severely fragmented. At least one of its known localities, Khor Zawra, has been lost due to land being converted into a golf course. Ongoing development is occurring at other sites, such as Jebel Hafeet, and this suggests that the overall population is declining. The estimated EOO for this species is 1,432 km2 which falls within the threshold for threatened categories. Therefore, this species is assessed as Endangered (EN B1ab(iii,iv,v)).

Assessment details

Year assessed

2019

Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed

UAE National Red List Workshop

Criteria system used

IUCN

Reference for methods given

Further information

Endemism (according to assessment)

Endemic to region

Not assigned

Taxon distribution as listed in assessment

This species has been recorded at Qarn Nizwa (Jongbloed et al. 2003). More recently, it has also been recorded at Jebel Hafeet (Sakkir and Brown 2013). It is also known from Jebel Fayah and was previously recorded from Khor Zawra, although this locality was recently converted into a golf course. The estimated extent of occurrence for this species is 1,432 km2. The global distribution of this species comprises the south-east of the Arabian Peninsula and western Socotra (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

Is there a map available in assessment?

Yes

Habitat and systems

Ecological system type

Terrestrial

Not_assigned

Freshwater

Not_assigned

Marine

Not_assigned

Habitat

Habitat details as listed in assessment

This is a perennial bulb species. It has two or three narrow, curled leaves and is found in gravel in low, limestone hills (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Flowering takes place from February to March, producing two brown flowers per plant, but only after rains (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

Threats and conservation measures listed

Threats listed in assessment

This species may be at risk from development at Jebel Hafeet. One of its previous localities, Khor Zawra, has been lost due to land conversion for use as a golf course.

History

This species has been fragmented with a small distribution in the past, with a backcast listing of EN B1ab(iii). Threats due to ongoing development and land conversion are still having a negative impact on this species.

Publication

UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants