VU

Himantura uarnak | UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
Yes
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The Reticulate Whipray is often found near sandy beaches, in sandy areas of coral reefs, in shallow estuaries and lagoons, and may even enter freshwater (Vaudo and Heithaus 2009, Gutteridge 2012). This species also occurs offshore to depths of at least 50 m (White et al. 2006). Tracking data for the Reticulate Whipray suggests that within sandy, shallow water areas, the species is a highly resident mesopredator, though the home range for individuals can be relatively restricted (Vaudo and Heithaus 2012). Himanura species exhibit a strong association with shallow waters of the western region where complex habitats such as coral assemblages and seagrass beds are most prevalent (Last et al. 2016 Rays of the World book). Its reproductive mode is viviparous with histotrophy. This species reaches 160 cm disc width (DW) (Last and Stevens 2009). Males mature at 82-84 cm DW and size at birth is 21-28 cm DW (Manjaji 2004, White et al. 2006, White and Dharmadi 2007). Fecundity is assumed to be low, as a single pregnant female observed possessed two embryos (B.M. Manjaji-Matsumoto pers. obs.).As there is no information on this species' maximum age and age at maturity, generation length was inferred as 20 years based on data for the congener, the Blackspotted Whipray (Himantura astra). Female Blackspotted Whiprays are reported to have a maximum age of 29 years and an age at maturity of nine years (Jacobsen and Bennett 2011). These were used to calculate a generation length of 19 years based on the equation: generation length = (((29-9)/2)+9). The maximum size of the Reticulate Whipray is considerably larger (~160 cm DW) than that of the Blackspotted Whipray (80 cm DW), so it is possible the generation length of the Reticulate Whipray is greater than 20 years.
Taxon
Taxa
Himantura uarnak | (Gmelin, 1789)
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Fishes
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxonomic Notes
Himantura uarnak was recently split from other Himantura species (Last et al. 2016a). The new distribution no longer includes Australia and Papua New Guinea (Last et al. 2016b). There is some continued taxonomic uncertainty with the Himantura genus and this assessment should be updated if the current distribution changes.
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Reticulate Whipray occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it is widespread in the Indo-West Pacific (Last et al. 2016).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Vulnerable
Assessment status abreviation
VU
Assessment status criteria
A2cd
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
The Reticulate Whipray occurs throughout UAE coastal waters. This species is not targeted or valued in markets of the UAE, trawling has been banned there since 1980 and recently conducted surveys indicate it remains common in the area; however, Himantura species are discarded from catches in the UAE and it is unknown how this impacts the species. A large part of the species distribution in the Arabian Sea region (namely, India and Pakistan) is under extremely intense and increasing demersal fishing pressure. In contrast, Himantura species are regularly discarded in the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman, and they remain common there. Though data specifically from the UAE are not available, individuals in the UAE are a component of a larger, interconnected and migratory population that occurs broadly in the north-western Indian Ocean. Given the intense fishing pressures faced by this species in other parts of the broader Arabian Seas region, and ongoing threats from discard and habitat loss in the UAE, it is inferred that declines reported in the Arabian Seas are representative of the status in the UAE. Based on recorded levels of exploitation and decline in habitat quality, it is suspected to have declined by at least 30% over the past three generation lengths, or about 60 years. It is listed as Vulnerable A2cd.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
Information pertaining to threats specific to the UAE are unavailable. This species is impacted by bycatch fisheries that are active elsewhere in its range. Marine habitats in the Gulf are experiencing high levels of disturbance and quickly deteriorating due to major impacts from development activities (including dredging and reclamation), desalination plants, industrial activities, habitat destruction through the removal of shallow productive areas and major shipping lanes (Sheppard et al. 2010). Corals in the UAE and Arabian Gulf have severely declined due to the increasing frequency of mass bleaching events caused by rising water temperatures, which is a consequence of climate change, as well as pervasive coastal development (Riegl et al. 2018, Burt et al. 2019).
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
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Triraphis pumilio | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This annual grass is tufted, with stems up to 0.3 m in height, found in sandy/dune habitats (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Brown and Sakkir 2004, Al Meharibi et al. 2019). At the Khor Kalba locality, it was recorded between mangrove and dune habitats (G. Feulner pers. comm. 2019).
Taxon
Taxa
Triraphis pumilio | R.Br.
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Jongbloed et al. (2003, citing T.A. Cope and F. Karim) reported this species from a few localities at Mafraq and Al Ain (gravel plains below Jebel Hafeet; Al Meharibi et al. 2019). Feulner (in litt., MEW 2010) considered the species to be more widespread, with records from Hulaylah Island (Ras al-Khaimah) and Khor Kalba on the east coast (G. Feulner pers. comm. 2019). It also occurs within the Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve. The estimated EOO for this species is 18,289 km<sup>2</sup> and it is considered to occur in fewer than ten threat-based locations. The global distribution of this species is across northern Africa (across the Sahara, and Angola to Namibia) to the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Vulnerable
Assessment status abreviation
VU
Assessment status criteria
B1ab(iii,iv,v)
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
Triraphis pumilio occurs in relatively scattered areas within the northeast of the UAE. The estimated EOO of this species is 18,289 km<sup>2</sup> and it is considered to occur at less than ten locations based on the ongoing threat of development within its range. In addition to development, heavy grazing negatively affects this species (particularly in localities such as the Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve) and infers that there is an ongoing decline in the extent and quality of its available habitat. Some subpopulations are known to have been locally extirpated, including certain localities within Abu Dhabi. As a result, it is assessed as Vulnerable (VU B1ab(iii,iv,v)). No regional adjustment is made as the extent of any rescue effect is not known.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
The Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve, where this species occurs, is heavily overgrazed; overgrazing may also affect the species in other parts of its range. In addition, this species is threatened by development along the coast. Localities such as Mafraq are already heavily developed, which many plantations, houses and ongoing construction, which threatens the presence of this species.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
Development within the UAE has been increasing in frequency and intensity since 1996, reducing the extent and quality of available habitat for this species. In addition, heavy grazing also negatively affects this species and occurs in one its known localities: the Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve.
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Sphaerocoma hookeri | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
It is a perennial dwarf shrub which can reach up to 0.85 m in height (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006, Brown et al. 2007). The plant has a woody stem, small fleshy leaves arranged in whorls and small white flowers which are present between February and June (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006). This species grows within coastal, salty sand habitats, including sand dunes and coralline sand, in addition to white sand habitats; it is also highly salt tolerant (Karim and Dakheel 2006, Perry 2008).
Taxon
Taxa
Sphaerocoma hookeri | T.Anderson
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the UAE, it is known to occur to the northeast of Taweela (G. Brown pers. comm. 2019) and along the coast in the northern Emirates (G.R. Feulner in litt., MEW 2010), in addition to offshore islands (G. Brown and S. Sakkir pers. comm. 2019). Although it was previously recorded from Jebel Hafeet, this record is thought to be erroneous due to possible confusion with Gymnocarpos decandrus (Brown et al. 2007). The estimated EOO for this species is 18,168 km<sup>2</sup> and it is thought to occur at between 6-10 threat-based locations according to ongoing development. Globally, the native range of this species spans from Egypt and north-east Africa to Sinai and the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Vulnerable
Assessment status abreviation
VU
Assessment status criteria
B1ab(iii,iv,v)
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is restricted to a specific length of coastline, and its surrounding desert area, within the UAE. Its estimated Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is around 18,168 km<sup>2</sup>, which falls within the threshold for Vulnerable under criterion B1. It is thought to occur at between 6-10 threat-based locations. Within its range, development along the coast is inferred to be reducing the population of this species due to conversion and loss of habitat. Therefore, it is assessed as Vulnerable (VU B1ab(iii,iv,v)) as a result of ongoing habitat decline and restricted distribution.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
This species is threatened by development within coastal areas, including its range (G. Brown pers. comm. 2019). This threat has led to the loss of at least one locality for this species: Taweela.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
In 1996 it would have been assessed as Least Concern, but due to ongoing development and loss of certain areas, such as Taweela, it is now listed as Vulnerable.
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Limonium axillare | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This perennial dwarf shrub species grows within saline sand sheets in coastal areas and at sabkha edges (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006, Brown et al. 2007). The plant can reach up to 0.7 m in height, has grey-green fleshy leaves and glands which secrete salt (Karim and Dakheel 2006). The flowers are pink or purple and can be seen between January and June (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006). It is an extremely salt-tolerant species (Karim and Dakheel 2006).
Taxon
Taxa
Limonium axillare | (Forssk.) Kuntze
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the UAE, this species has been known to occur around Al Ain, Abu Dhabi and Dubai, in addition to the north of the UAE (Karim and Dakheel 2006). It has also been documented on the off-shore islands of Abu Dhabi (Sakkir et al. 2017), such as Malawah (S. Sakkir pers. comm. 2019), and to the east of the country in Ras Ghumais. However, ongoing coastal development along both the Arabian Gulf coast and the east coast is likely to have reduced the extent of this species' distribution within the UAE. For example, the subpopulation at Taweela has been extirpated as this locality has been lost. The estimated EOO for this species is 14,809 km<sup>2</sup> and there are estimated to be 6-10 locations. Globally, the native range of this species encompasses Egypt to northeast tropical Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Vulnerable
Assessment status abreviation
VU
Assessment status criteria
A3c; B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)c(iii)
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species occurs along the coastline and on offshore islands of the UAE. The estimated EOO for this species is 14,809 km<sup>2</sup> and it is considered to occur at between 5-10 threat-based locations. However, the coastal subpopulations are threatened due to ongoing development which is causing a general decline in these localities. For example, the Taweela subpopulation has been lost and the species is considered to be declining around Dubai due to development. Overall, the population is projected to decline by 30% due to development. Therefore, this species is considered to be Vulnerable (VU A3c; B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)c(iii)).
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
This species is threatened by rapid coastal development along the Arabian Gulf within the UAE (MEW 2010).
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
Coastal development within the UAE has been increasing in frequency and intensity since 1996, reducing the extent and quality of available habitat for this species.
Verified entry
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Indigofera cordifolia | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Indigofera cordifolia is has been recorded growing between two roads in a mountainous area. It is considered to be a xerohalophyte (salt-tolerant desert species) and has a therophyte life form, in terms of completing its life cycle when conditions are favourable (Böer and Saenger 2006). This annual species is a crop wild relative of indigo, Indigofera tinctoria (Kameswara Rao 2013).
Taxon
Taxa
Indigofera cordifolia | B.Heyne ex Roth
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is known to occur within a restricted roadside locality in Hatta, north-east UAE (Sharjah Seedbank & Herbarium). The species was absent from Jongbloed et al. (2003) but included in the draft Red Data Book for the UAE (MEW 2010). Globally, the range of this species includes from Cape Verde to the Arabian Peninsula, to China and tropical Asia (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019), however the native distribution is not clear. Kameswara Rao (2013) does not list presence in the UAE.
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Vulnerable
Assessment status abreviation
VU
Assessment status criteria
D2
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is known from a single location in Hatta, UAE. As the species occurs at a single locality between two roads, any expansion of these roads could threaten the overall existence of Indigofera cordifolia within the UAE, potentially driving it to Critically Endangered, or possibly, Regionally Extinct, within a short amount of time. It is therefore assessed as Vulnerable (VU D2).
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
Expansion of the existing roads within its known locality would likely have significant impacts on this species within the UAE. It is considered that this species may well be grazed.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
This species is not known to occur anywhere else within the UAE, therefore it retains the same category and criteria as in 1996.
Verified entry
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Halopyrum mucronatum | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
A tough stoloniferous perennial grass that is usually found in coastal sand, forming mounds just above the highest tide line, with rhizomes spreading to several meters, forming tussocks (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is a relatively specialised species, being found only within coastal sand dune habitats. Flowers from September until November (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is dormant during the summer (Brown et al. 2007).
Taxon
Taxa
Halopyrum mucronatum | (L.) Stapf
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the UAE, this species is restricted to coastal areas of the Arabian Gulf, from at least Ra's Ghanadha at the northern end of the Al Taweela coastal plains (Brown et al. 2007) to Ra's al Khaimah (Jongbloed et al. 2003) in the north, and recorded from at least one offshore island (Zirku Island, Abu Dhabi Emirate; Brown et al. 2007). In addition, Western (1983a) recorded the species from Abu Dhabi Island and noted that the species formed a dominant broad belt for up to 100 m inland from north of Ra's Ghanadha, behind a clearly-defined barrier beach. Western (1983b) recorded the species from the seaward shore of Abu Dhabi Island, and that it persisted even after levelling and back-filling with material in early 1982. Al Meharibi et al. (2019) show presence to Abu Dhabi Island, hence perhaps the species does indeed persist there. Western also collected the species from Saadiyat Island (date uncertain, but assumed to be the 1980's). The estimated EOO is 14,328 km<sup>2</sup> and it is considered to occur at between 5-10 locations. Globally, its native range spans from Egypt south to Mozambique in Africa, Madagascar, through the Arabian Peninsula to India (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Vulnerable
Assessment status abreviation
VU
Assessment status criteria
B1ab(ii,iii,v)
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the UAE, this species is restricted to coastal areas of the Arabian Gulf, from Abu Dhabi to Ra's al Khaimah, and recorded from at least one offshore island (Zirku Island). Western (1983a) recorded the species from Saadiyat Island and from Abu Dhabi Island, where it persisted even after levelling and back-filling with material in early 1982. The estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) is 14,328 km<sup>2</sup> and this species is considered to occur at between 5-10 locations, based on the threat of ongoing development. In addition, this development is causing a continuing decline in the extent and quality of the available habitat, especially as a result of it habitat specificity. Therefore, this species is assessed as Vulnerable (B1ab(ii,iii,v)). No regional adjustment is made as the extent of any rescue effect is not known.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
Grazing by livestock may impact the species in parts of its range, however the impacts from coastal development have been significant in terms of declines in this species. Known localities, such as Saadiyat Island, are now very developed which reduces the likelihood of this species persisting there.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
Coastal development within the UAE has been increasing in frequency and intensity since 1996, reducing the extent and quality of available habitat for this species.
Verified entry
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Echiochilon callianthum | UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The species is found on rocky hillsides of wadis (Gairola et al. 2017). It is a perennial sub-shrub to c.0.3 m in height (Jongbloed et al. 2003).
Taxon
Taxa
Echiochilon callianthum | Lönn
Taxonomic Group
Plants
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Flowering Plants
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
In the UAE, this species is restricted to the southern Hajar Mountains, from the Fujairah area (G.R. Feulner in lit. in MEW 2010) and the 'Olive Highlands' to Jebel Hafeet (M. Jongbloed in Jongbloed et al. 2003, Feulner 2014). The species occurs in Wadi Helo (El-Keblawy et al. 2016), and has been recorded from Jabal Sahab, olive wadi (Wadi Sfai; M. Tsaliki pers. comm. 2019). This species is endemic to the Arabian Peninsula, where it is found from eastern central Yemen to Oman (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019) and the eastern UAE.
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Vulnerable
Assessment status abreviation
VU
Assessment status criteria
D1
About the assessment
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
In the UAE, this species is restricted to the southern Hajar Mountains and to Jebel Hafeet. The extent of occurrence (EOO) is restricted, and the area of occupancy (AOO) is also likely to be highly restricted given the scattered distribution. The species occurs in more than ten locations, including protected areas, however the population size is inferred to be low, likely to be less than 1,000 mature individuals. As a result, the species qualifies as Vulnerable (D1). Whilst the species occurs in Oman, the potential for any rescue effect is not known, and no regional adjustment is applied.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
No
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: No
Endemism specifics: This species is endemic to the Arabian Peninsula
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
The species is likely to be grazed.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
It is presumed that the species would have had a similarly restricted distribution and population size in 1996.
Verified entry
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Uromastyx aegyptia ssp. microlepis | UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This subspecies is found in sandy or gravel plains, interdunal plains and flat wadi beds with scattered vegetation (Gardner 2013). They are more frequently encountered on cemented sandstone or on hard surface plains, and dependent on vegetation cover. A ground-dwelling and diurnal subspecies. They prefer high temperatures and are most active during summer, while on cool winter days they may not leave the burrows at all (Gardner 2013). Adults are vegetarian and are able to survive on poor quality forage (Gardner 2013). They feed on a broad range of plants, including grasses and herbs, but tend to avoid Tetraena qatarense despite its abundance (Gardner 2013). Individual lizards may move between several non-exclusive burrows (Gardner 2013). Mating occurs from spring to summer, and females lay a clutch of 12-30 eggs in the burrow.
Taxon
Taxa
Uromastyx aegyptia ssp. microlepis | Arnold, 1980
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Reptiles
Assessed taxon level
Subspecies
Taxonomic Notes
Due to low levels of genetic differentiation between members of the Uromastyx aegyptia species group (considered to include U. aegyptia, U. leptieni, U. microlepis and U. occidentalis), Wilms et al. (2007) and Tamar et al. (2018) recognize U. aegyptia as a single species with three subspecies: U. a. aegyptia, U. a. leptieni and U. a. microlepis.The relationship of U. occidentalis, which was not included in the genetic analysis, to U. aegyptia remains in need of clarification, however Wilms et al. (2007) continue to recognize it as a full species due to its geographical separation from the remaining U. aegyptia-group taxa.
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
In the United Arab Emirates, this subspecies is found in the south and west of the Abu Dhabi Emirate (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). The subspecies occurs from sea level to 200 m asl. in the United Arab Emirates.The subspecies is widespread in the Arabian Peninsula including Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait, extending eastwards to Iraq and coastal Iran, and north to Jordan and Syria.
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Vulnerable
Assessment status abreviation
VU
Assessment status criteria
A2abcd+4abcd
About the assessment
Assessment year
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
In the United Arab Emirates, this subspecies is found in the south and west of the Abu Dhabi Emirate. The extent of occurrence (EOO) is moderately large, approaching 45,375 km<sup>2</sup>, however, the area of occupancy (AOO) is restricted, at just 324 km<sup>2</sup>. Its primary habitat, sandy or gravel plains, is impacted by a range of threats such as urban development, oil and gas exploitation, etc, which may result in local extirpations. As a result, the subspecies is assessed as Vulnerable (VU A2abcd+4abcd) based on observed and inferred (declines in AOO and habitat quality, and levels of exploitation) population decline in the past and ongoing that exceeds 30%. The population is suspected to have undergone a decline of at least 30% in the previous three generations (30 years) as a result of habitat loss, and a future decline of at least 10% is suspected as a result of ongoing habitat loss. The subspecies faces a wide range of threats in addition to urban development, including loss of vegetation cover, and persecution. The subspecies is unlikely to be declining fast enough for this subspecies to qualify for listing in a more threatened category and viable populations are present in several Protected Areas. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).Conservation actions are required for this subspecies. Education is required to ensure that the existing Federal Law of the United Arab Emirates that prohibits the hunting, collection, and disturbance of the species is implemented, and habitat protected. Further research is required, including habitat and population monitoring.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
Although a widespread the subspecies, it is not evenly distributed over its range, being dependent on sandy or gravel plains for its burrows, and generally avoiding soft sand or dunes (Gardner 2013). As a result, it makes the subspecies vulnerable to threats such as urban development, road construction, oil and gas exploitation etc, which may result in local extirpations. Over-grazing on the plains leads to the loss of vegetation cover, whilst tree-planting impacts the subspecies elsewhere. The subspecies is also subject to persecution.The combination of extended drought duration and over-grazing (even in protected areas), leading to the loss of essential vegetation cover, is hard to estimate but may be significant.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

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Uromastyx aegyptia ssp. leptieni | UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The subspecies is found in sandy or gravel plains, interdunal plains and flat wadi beds with low gravel terraces and scattered vegetation (Gardner 2013). They are more frequently encountered on cemented sandstone or on hard surface plains. They are dependent on vegetation cover.A ground-dwelling and diurnal taxon. They prefer high temperatures and are most active during summer, while on cool winter days they may not leave the burrows at all (Gardner 2013). Adults are vegetarian and are able to survive on poor quality forage (Gardner 2013). They feed on a broad range of plants, including grasses and herbs, but tend to avoid Tetraena qatarensis despite its abundance (Gardner 2013). Individual lizards may move between several non-exclusive burrows (Gardner 2013). Mating occurs from spring to summer, and females lay a clutch of 12- 30 eggs in the burrow. The eggs incubation period is 59-65 days.
Taxon
Taxa
Uromastyx aegyptia ssp. leptieni | Wilms & Böhme, 2000
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Reptiles
Assessed taxon level
Subspecies
Taxonomic Notes
Due to low levels of genetic differentiation between members of the Uromastyx aegyptia species group (considered to include U. aegyptia, U. leptieni, U. microlepis and U. occidentalis), Wilms et al. (2007) and Tamar et al. (2018) recognize U. aegyptia as a single species with three subspecies: U. a. aegyptia, U. a. leptieni and U. a. microlepis.The relationship of U. occidentalis, which was not included in genetic analysis, to U. aegyptia remains in need of clarification, however, Wilms et al. (2007) continue to recognize it as a full species due to its geographical separation from the remaining U. aegyptia-group taxa.
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this subspecies is known to occur north of Abu Dhabi city to Al Ain and Sharjah (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). The subspecies occurs further across the foothills of the Hajar Mountains at low altitudes on either side. Within the United Arab Emirates, the subspecies is frequently encountered from sea level to 100 m asl but have been recorded to 500 m asl. The subspecies has been recorded on the island of Sir Abu Nu'ayr, United Arab Emirates, due to an introduction of the subspecies from the mainland.The subspecies is endemic to northern Oman and the United Arab Emirates.
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Vulnerable
Assessment status abreviation
VU
Assessment status criteria
A2abcd+4abcd
About the assessment
Assessment year
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
Uromastyx aegyptia ssp. leptieni relatively widespread in the United Arab Emirates, however, the area of occupancy (AOO) is moderately restricted, at 564 km<sup>2</sup>. The taxon is listed as Vulnerable (VU A2abcd+4abcd) due to continued urban development in its range which has resulted in a decline in suitable habitat (and AOO), and in view that the subspecies is regionally endemic. The population is suspected to have undergone a decline of at least 30% in the previous three generations (30 years) as a result of habitat loss, and a future decline of at least 10% is suspected as a result of ongoing habitat loss. The subspecies faces a wide range of threats in addition to urban development, including loss of vegetation cover, and persecution.The subspecies is unlikely to be declining fast enough and viable populations are present in several protected areas, thus the subspecies does not qualify for listing in a more threatened category.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
The major threat to the subspecies is habitat loss through residential and industrial development and road construction. It is uncertain to what extent the taxon is harvested from the wild for either the pet trade or human consumption or medicinal use. Recreational off-road driving may have a negative impact on the subspecies in certain areas. Over-grazing on the plains leads to the loss of vegetation cover, whilst tree-planting impacts the subspecies elsewhere. The subspecies is also subject to persecution.The combination of extended drought duration and over-grazing (even in protected areas), leading to the loss of essential vegetation cover, is hard to estimate, but may be significant.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

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Asaccus margaritae | UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles

Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
United Arab Emirates
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Strictly nocturnal, this species has been found on the rocky sides of wadis, stony substrates and on larger boulders in the wadi (Carranza et al. 2016). The species breeds throughout the year, with a peak during spring (J. Els pers. comm. 2018). Females lay a single round, hard-shelled egg multiple times during the year (J. Els pers. comm. 2018).
Taxon
Taxa
Asaccus margaritae | Carranza, Simó-Riudalbas, Jayasinghe, Wilms & Els, 2016
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Reptiles
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species is known from a single locality, the Wadi Al Helo area from 300-400 m asl (Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). No further records are known in the UAE, but further survey is required.This newly-described species is endemic to the northern Hajar Mountains in Oman and the United Arab Emirates (Carranza et al. 2016). It has only been found in a very few high altitude localities (1,315-“1,434 m asl) in the Musandam Peninsula, Oman (surrounded by A. gardneri at lower elevations) and in two other localities 75 and 120 km further south in Oman and the UAE, respectively, both at relatively low elevations (122 and 374 m asl) (Carranza et al. 2016).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Vulnerable
Assessment status abreviation
VU
Assessment status criteria
D2
About the assessment
Assessment year
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species is currently only known from the Wadi Al Helo area. The species is listed as Vulnerable (VU D2) due to its small area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurrence (EOO) of 4 km<sup>2</sup>. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012). Despite occurring at low densities, the population appears stable at present. There are potential threats from infrastructure development, that could significantly impact the population size of the species.The species is new to science with the possibility that more populations may be discovered in similar habitat in the future. The species should be reassessed if new data become available.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Conservation
Threats listed in assessment
There are no current threats to the species that might cause significant declines in the near future, however, there is pressure for infrastructure development that could impact the species in the future, especially if accompanied by road developments.
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Verified entry
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