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CR

Vandeleuria oleracea | Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals

NRL Record ID
327712
Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Typical habitats are forest and forest edges, densely vegetated bamboo bushes, and sun-grass fields and found even with the harvested remains in agricultural fields (Molur et al. 2005). They are mostly arboreal and usually inhabits forest and forest edge.
Taxon
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Mammals
Assessed taxon level
Species
Common Names
Asiatic Long-tailed Climbing Mouse
Gecho Nengti Indur
Taxonomic Notes
The species considered as a complex of several species; so, further taxonomic study is important to qualify the species.
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is widely distributed in the main land Southeast Asia and southern China. In Southeast Asia, the species ranges from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka (up to 200 to 1,500 m asl), Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia into Viet Nam (Molur et. al. 2008, Musser and Carleton 2005). In China, it is limited to Southwest Yunnan (Smith and Xie 2008). Wide range of distribution all over the country, only in the forested habitats, especially in the bamboo bushes (Khan 2015).
RRL Synonyms
Mus oleraceus Bennett, 1832; Mus domesticola Hodgson, 1845; Vandeleuria badius Blyth, 1859
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Critically Endangered
Assessment status abreviation
CR
About the assessment
Assessment year
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Ummay Habiba Khatun
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
NGO
Academic
Assessor affiliation specific
Academic|NGO
Assessment rationale/justification
There is little information available on the species barring that it is restricted to the forests of the country. As such it has wide Extent of Occurrence and Area of Occupancy. There is no specific threat declining the species in near future and therefore, the species is listed as Least Concern.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
No
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: No
Conservation
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
Data Deficient in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).

Tamiops macclellandii | Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals

NRL Record ID
327711
Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
It occurs in a wide variety of habitats with sufficient trees such as primary and secondary forests, scrub forests, and gardens, including the degraded areas and areas around human habitation (Smith and Xie 2008). It is diurnal and arboreal. This squirrel feeds on fruits, vegetables and some insects. It takes shelter in tree holes. No information is available on its breeding (Francis 2008).
Taxon
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Mammals
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxonomic Notes
The genus Tamiops might be a species complex and needs taxonomic review.
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
It is native to Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Viet Nam (Duckworth et al. 2008). There is only one sight record from a mixedevergreen forest patch in Keokradong Range, Ruma, Bandarban (Khan 2012).
RRL Synonyms
Tamiops macclellandi (Horsfield, 1840)
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Critically Endangered
Assessment status abreviation
CR
About the assessment
Assessment year
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
M. Monirul H. Khan
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
NGO
Academic
Assessor affiliation specific
Academic|NGO
Assessment rationale/justification
So far, this species has only been recorded once from the mixed- evergreen forest patch in Keokradong Range, Ruma, Bandarban (Khan 2012). The forest patches in the Chittagong Hill Tracts have been thoroughly explored by different biologists, but it was never seen anywhere else. Since the species is diurnal and arboreal, it is relatively more visible compared to other mammals of similar sizes. Therefore, it is possible that the species is restricted to only one forest patch where it was first found, so, it has categorized as a Critically Endangered species.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
No
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: No
Conservation
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
Not assessed by IUCN Bangladesh in 2000, because its occurrence in Bangladesh was reported after that time.

Elephas maximus | Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals

NRL Record ID
327687
Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Asian Elephants are generalists and they occur in grassland, tropical evergreen forest, mixed evergreen forest, moist deciduous forest, dry deciduous forested and dry thorn forest in addition to cultivated and secondary forests and scrublands. Asian Elephants are social animals and live in herds. They feed on grass and other vegetations but also raid crops. Senses of smell and hearing are well developed (Islam et al. 1999, IUCN Bangladesh 2000, Khan 1980, 1985, 1987).
Taxon
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Mammals
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Native to Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra), Lao PDR, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah), Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Viet Nam. Regionally extinct from Pakistan (Sukumar 2003). The present distribution range is restricted to the hilly areas of Chittagong, Cox's Bazar and Chittagong Hill Tracts in the southeastern region of Bangladesh. In addition to few small migratory herds it seasonally occurs in some parts of Sylhet ( Rema-Kalenga), Sherpur and Netrokona districts in the north and northeastern area (Khan 1982).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Critically Endangered
Assessment status abreviation
CR
About the assessment
Assessment year
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Anisuzzaman Khan
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
NGO
Academic
Assessor affiliation specific
Academic|NGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species has been categorized as Critically Endangered in view of the number of mature individuals being less than 250 and population decline is continuing due to habitat destruction. Also its populations are heavily fragmented and there is very little or no genetic exchanges between two neighbouring populations. Severe human-elephant conflict and poaching are also contributing to this population decline.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
No
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: No
Conservation
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
Critically Endangered in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).

Trachypithecus pileatus | Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals

NRL Record ID
327686
Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is found in the dense forest and bamboo patches of both moist deciduous and mixed evergreen forests. It generally prefers middle canopy, but also uses the top and lower canopy of the forests. It also uses forest floor for feeding and moving. This species is diurnal and predominantly arboreal. It lives in single male multi-female groups and group size varies from 2 to 15 Langurs. It is mainly folivorous and the food supplemented by fruits, flowers and nectar. It drinks water from water accumulated in tree trunks and rarely from a ground level water body. It often sits and forages in trees along the bridle paths and roads passing through a forest.
Taxon
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Mammals
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxonomic Notes
Four subspecies are currently recognized, although their validity is in some doubt (it is thought that seasonal variation in pelage color may account for at least some of the variation) Das et al. 2008. Of these, only two subspecies viz. T. p. durga and T
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Myanmar (Das et al. 2008). Of the three species of Langurs, this species has the widest distribution. It occurs in all forest ecosystems, barring the Sundarbans which never had any of the primates but the Rhesus Macaque. In the early 1970s and 1980s it occurred in Gazipur District to Jamalpur, Sherpur, Netrokona and Mymensingh under Dhaka Division to the forests in Sylhet and Chittagong Revenue Divisions. At the current time it has just a handful specimens left in Mymensingh Division when rests are present in the mixed evergreen forests of Sylhet and Chittagong Divisions (Khan 1981, 2015).
RRL Synonyms
Simia pileata Shaw, 1800; Macacus sinicus Kelaart, 1852; Macacus pileatus Blyth, 1863; Presbytis pileatus Blyth, 1843
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Critically Endangered
Assessment status abreviation
CR
About the assessment
Assessment year
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Md. Mofizul Kabir
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
NGO
Academic
Assessor affiliation specific
Academic|NGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species has been categorized as Endangered in view of the decline in of 50% of its Extent of Occurrence and Area of Occupancy and habitat quality over three generations. Moreover, there exist less than 250 individuals in each subpopulation.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
No
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: No
Conservation
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
Endangered in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).

Macaca fascicularis | Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals

NRL Record ID
327680
Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Mangroves in the Naff River bank, mixed evergreen forest in the Fashiakhali Wildlife Sanctuary. Outside Bangladesh they are highly tolerant to any environmental changes (Fooden 1991, 1995). Diurnal, semi-terrestrial and opportunistic feeder. Lives in a multi male multi female group.
Taxon
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Mammals
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxonomic Notes
At least ten subspecies are presently recognized. There is considerable hybridization between this species and M. mulatta where their ranges meet (Ong and Richardson 2008)
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Native to Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, India (Andaman and Nicobar Is.), Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam. Introduced to Mauritius, Palau, Papua New Guinea (Ong and Richardson 2008). Three individuals remain on the Naff River bank at Teknaf. Eight breeding individuals were recorded in Fashiakhali WS with a Rhesus Macaque group where they formed hybrid (M. K. Hasan pers. comm.).
RRL Synonyms
: Simia fascicularis Raffles, 1821; Simia aygula Linnaeus, 1758; Simia cynomolgus Schreber, 1775; Macacus carbonarius Cuvier, 1825; Macaca aureus Geoffroy, 1826
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Critically Endangered
Assessment status abreviation
CR
About the assessment
Assessment year
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Md. Kamrul Hasan
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
NGO
Academic
Assessor affiliation specific
Academic|NGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species qualifies Critically Endangered criteria because of population reduction observed more than 90% over three generations and continuing (Khan 1981, 1987, Khan and Wahab1983, Feeroz 2001, Hasan and Feeroz 2010). Its EOO and AOO are less than the threshold level. Number of mature individuals is less than 20. Found only in two locations.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
No
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: No
Conservation
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
Critically Endangered in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).

Hoolock hoolock | Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals

NRL Record ID
327677
Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Hoolock Gibbon inhabits tropical mixed evergreen forests of the northeast and southeast of the country. It is an arboreal, brachiator, monogamous and territorial species but come down to cross a stretch of land when tree canopies are discontinuous. The family group may comprise of adult male and female with their offsprings. Hoolock gibbon is mainly frugivorous but its diet also comprise of leaves, flowers and twigs (Ahsan 1994, Feeroz 1991, Feeroz and Islam 1992, Khan 1985, 1987b).
Taxon
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Mammals
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxonomic Notes
This taxon is now considered monotypic; it was formerly considered conspecific with Hoolock leuconedys. The previous generic name, Bunopithecus, was changed by Mootnick and Groves (2005) to Hoolock (Haimoff et al. 1984) (Brockelman et al. 2008).
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Bangladesh, India and Myanmar (Brockelman et al. 2008). It lives in the mixed evergreen forests of northeast and southeast of Bangladesh (Ahsan 1994, Khan 1982, 2015).
RRL Synonyms
Simia golock (Bechstein, 1795); Hylobates fuscus (Wilson Lewis, 1834); Simia hoolock (Harlan, 1834); Bunopithecus hoolock hoolock (Harlan, 1834); Hylobates choromandus (Ogilby, 1837); Hylobates scyritus (Ogilby, 1840); Hylobates hoolock (Blanford, 1881-18
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Critically Endangered
Assessment status abreviation
CR
About the assessment
Assessment year
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Mohammed Mostafa Feeroz, Md. Kamrul Hasan, Md. Farid Ahsan
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
NGO
Academic
Assessor affiliation specific
Academic|NGO
Assessment rationale/justification
Population reduction observed around 90% over the last two decades. Both Extent of Occurrence and Area of Occupancy have been reduced during this period. Total number of mature individual is <250 and number of mature individuals in each subpopulation is <50. Population viability assessment (PHVA) estimated 95% reduction of existing population by next two decades. All these occur in severely disjunct habitats having very little or no chance of genetic exchanges between two or more populations. So, this Hoolock Gibbon is assessed as Critically Endangered.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
No
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: No
Conservation
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
Critically Endangered in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).

Manis pentadactyla | Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals

NRL Record ID
327676
Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
It occurs in a variety of habitats including subtropical, deciduous forests and grasslands. This species is nocturnal and secretive, occurs solitary or in pairs. It lives on ground and in burrows, rarely climbs trees. This Pangolin mainly feeds on insects, particularly termites and ants, besides on various other invertebrates including bee larvae, flies, worms, earthworms and crickets. It digs into ant nests and termite mounds with its large fore claws and extract the prey with its long, sticky tongue. It often coils itself for protection and usually remains silent but rarely utters hisses when alarmed. It breeds during February to July and gives birth to a single young (Challender et al. 2014).
Taxon
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Mammals
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Himalayan foothills of Nepal, southern Bhutan and north and northeastern India, northeast and southeast Bangladesh, northern and western Myanmar, to Lao PDR and northern Viet Nam, northwest Thailand, and through southern China to Hainan, Taiwan and Hong Kong (Challender et al. 2014). Rare resident and occurs in the hills of northeast and southeast regions of the country (Khan 2008, Khan 2015).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Critically Endangered
Assessment status abreviation
CR
About the assessment
Assessment year
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Farzana Islam
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
NGO
Academic
Assessor affiliation specific
Academic|NGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is rare and reported to be found only in the hills of northeast and southeast regions of the country. Chinese Pangolins are considered a delicacy and are hunted on a wide scale for human consumption. The body parts are also used in traditional medicines. Factors such as habitat destruction and hunting constantly challenge its survival. Therefore, it qualifies for Critically Endangered category.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
No
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: No
Conservation
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
Data Deficient in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).

Manis crassicaudata | Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals

NRL Record ID
327674
Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
At present it only occurs in the mixed evergreen forests of the Chittagong Hill Tracts. It is a burrow-dwelling species, solitary in nature except during mating season when adult male and female share the same burrow and baby follows the mother for an appreciable period. It is predominantly terrestrial but also has the ability for climbing up with its prehensile tail and sharp claws. When threatened, more often it curls its body tucking the only scale-less soft snout under the belly and virtually becoming a ball that not even a leopard can crack open (Khan 1987). The species is capable of emitting foul smelling fluid through its anal gland to deter the predator. The pangolin is insectivorous, feeds mainly on termites, ants and their eggs and often on beetles, cockroaches and worms. Usually breeds in January, March, July and November. Gestation period lasts between 65 to 70 days. Females give birth to a single young, however, occasionally two can be produced (http://www.pangolinsg.org/pangolins/indian-pangolin/).
Taxon
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Mammals
Assessed taxon level
Species
Common Names
Indian Pangolin
Scaly Anteater
Thick-tailed Pangolin
Banrui
Pipilikavuk
Piprabhuk
Keot-machh
Katpohu
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
It occurs in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (Baillie et al. 2014). During 1950s to early 1970s it used to be fairly common all over the country with village groves and all terrestrial forests except the Sundarbans. From early1980s its number started dwindling due to excessive hunting, loss of village groves, clearing and burning of natural forests by the government agencies and the hill-dwelling people for commercial forestry and Jhum cultivation (Khan 1982, 1987, 2015). Rare and found mostly in the southeast region of Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Critically Endangered
Assessment status abreviation
CR
About the assessment
Assessment year
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Farzana Islam
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
NGO
Academic
Assessor affiliation specific
Academic|NGO
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is rare and currently reported to be found only in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. It is highly exploited for its meat and body parts which are used for medicinal purposes and is under continuous threat of hunting and poaching, therefore, it qualifies for Critically Endangered category.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
No
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: No
Conservation
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
Critically Endangered in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).

Panthera tigris | Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals

NRL Record ID
327614
Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Tigers are found mainly in and around the forests of tropical Asia, although they historically occurred more widely in drier and colder climes. One subspecies, the Amur Tiger P. t. altaica, persists in the temperate forests of Russian Far East. The Sundarbans is the only mangrove habitat for Tigers in Bangladesh. Availability of a sufficient prey based on large ungulates (particularly deer and wild boar) is the key requirement of the Tiger. Tigers need to kill 50 large prey animals per year (Karanth et al. 2004). Tigers are opportunistic predators and their diet includes primates, porcupines, birds, fish, rodents, insects, amphibians, reptiles, etc. Tigers are generally solitary, with adults maintaining exclusive territories, or home ranges. Adult female home ranges seldom overlap, whereas male ranges typically overlap from 1-3 females. Tiger home range and density depend on the prey abundance: densities range from 11.65 adult Tigers per 100 km² where prey is abundant to as low as 0.13-0.45 per 100 km² where prey is more thinly distributed (Nowell and Jackson 1996).
Taxon
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Mammals
Assessed taxon level
Species
Taxonomic Notes
Bangladesh population of tigers belongs to P. t. tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) subspecies referred to as the Bengal Tiger, is a valid subspecies from the time it was founded by Linnaeus and it has recently been well established by the DNA analysis (Luo et al. 2
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
It is native to Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russian Federation, Thailand and Vietnam. It is possibly extinct in Korea (DPR) and extinct in Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Singapore, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan (Tilson and Seal 1987). Only viable population is in the Sundarbans in the southwest of Bangladesh, but tigers are rarely sighted in the bordering areas of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (particularly in Kassalong Reserved Forest and Sangu Wildlife Sanctuary) and very rarely in the bordering areas of Greater Sylhet (particularly Patharia Hill Reserved Forest) straying from the neighbouring forests in India.
RRL Synonyms
Felis tigris Linnaeus, 1758
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Critically Endangered
Assessment status abreviation
CR
About the assessment
Assessment year
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Mohammad Ali Reza Khan, M. Monirul H. Khan
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
NGO
Academic
Assessor affiliation specific
Academic|NGO
Assessment rationale/justification
Tiger used to occur in and around all the forested areas of Bangladesh until the 1950s and in many villages up to the beginning of 20th century (Mitra 1957, Khan 1985, 1987a, 1987b, 1996, Khan and Chowdhury 2003, Khan 2011). Village-grove-dwelling tigers completely disappeared when the last tiger was shot in Banglabandha, Panchagarh, in 1962 (Khan 1987ab).The Sal forest population decimated by 1980s when those in the forests of the hill districts by the same period too. In these two forest ecosystems the decline is nearly 100 percent. Thankfully, the population in the Sundarbans appears to have stabilized since 1990s. Various estimates indicated the Tiger numbers between 106 and 500 (Ahmad et al. 2009, Khan 2011, 2014, Bangladesh Forest Department 2015 in litt.). In view of the disappearance of all populations from the village groves, mixed evergreen and Sal forests and being down to a single population restricted only to the Bangladesh and India parts of the Sundarbans, its unabated poaching and habitat destructions Bengal Tiger in Bangladesh has been categorized as Critically Endangered.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
No
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: No
Conservation
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
Critically Endangered in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).

Panthera pardus | Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals

NRL Record ID
327613
Location
Scope (Assessment)
National
Countries in Assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Off
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Ecological system type
Terrestrial system
No
Freshwater system
No
Marine system
No
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
It is both nocturnal and diurnal, although most hunting takes place at night where there are other larger predators but would do so at day where such predators are absent (M.A.R. Khan pers comm.) Leopard is an expert climber and often hides its kill in treetops. It is a solitary hunter. Its regular food includes ungulates, hares, galliform birds, cattle, dogs and some reptiles. It is known to breed all year round (Husain 1974, Khan 1987, 2015, Khan 2008).The Leopard has the widest habitat tolerance of any Old World felid, ranging from rainforest to desert. In Bangladesh it inhabits in hill forests and adjoining tea gardens.
Taxon
Taxonomic Group
Vertebrates
Taxonomic Group Level 2
Mammals
Assessed taxon level
Species
Common Names
Leopard
Chitah Bagh
Taxonomic Notes
According to genetic analysis, nine subspecies are recognized, with all continental African Leopards attributable to the nominate form (Miththapala et al. 1996, Uphyrkina et al. 2001).
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Leopard occurs across most of sub-Saharan Africa, as remnant populations in North Africa, and then in the Arabian peninsula and Sinai/Judean Desert (Egypt/Israel/Jordan), south western and eastern Turkey, and through southwest Asia and the Caucasus into the Himalayan foothills, India, China and the Russian Far East, as well as on the islands of Java and Sri Lanka (Nowell and Jackson 1996, Sunquist and Sunquist 2002). According to Khan ( 2008), Occurs in a very few areas in southeast (Chittagong Hill tracts) and northeast (RemaKalenga WS) where there are good vegetation cover and prey population. Vagrant individuals visit Gozni forest in north.
RRL Synonyms
Felis pardus Linnaeus, 1758
Assessed status
Asessment status in full
Critically Endangered
Assessment status abreviation
CR
About the assessment
Assessment year
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Delip K. Das
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
NGO
Academic
Assessor affiliation specific
Academic|NGO
Assessment rationale/justification
The species was known to occur all over the country and in all habitats as recently as 1940, except possibly for a major portion of the Sundarbans and coastal forests (Khan 1986). It no longer occurs west of longitude 90°E, nor in the Sal forest ( Shorea robusta) belt of northcentral Bangladesh where it was last sighted in Madhupur National Park in 1962 (Khan 1985). Now totally absent from the Sundarbans and from Sal forest, the species is occasionally found in the tea gardens and evergreen forests of Sylhet, notably Rajkandi and Patharia (Gittins and Akonda 1982), Chittagong, Chittagong Hill Tracts and Cox's Bazar forest divisions (Khan 1984, 1985, 1986). The Leopard has become rare and its population may no longer be viable in Bangladesh (Khan 1986). Panthera pardus is evaluated as Critically Endangered because from 1940, Extent of Occurrence and Area of Occupancy of this species have been reduced by more than 90% of areas.
Criteria system
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemism
Endemic to region
No
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: No
Conservation
Conservation Measures

Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:

Further information
History
Critically Endangered in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).