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Bangladesh

Official name
People's Republic of Bangladesh
ISO alpha-2 code
BD
ISO alpha-3 code
BGD
ISO numeric-3 code
50
Continent
Asia
Assessment ID
327618
Taxon name
Prionailurus viverrinus
(Bennett, 1833)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Prionailurus viverrinus
(Bennett, 1833)
Common name(s)
Fishing Cat, Mechho Biral, Mechho Bagh
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
carnivora
Family
felidae
Genus
Prionailurus
Species
viverrinus
Species authority
(Bennett, 1833)
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Placed in Prionailurus according to genetic analysis (Johnson et al. 2006, O'Brien and Johnson 2007). No modern analysis of subspecies is available.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species is widely distributed with low population density. Based on its existing threat, it is suspected that more than 50% of its population has been declined during the last two decades. Its Area of Occupancy and habitat quality have been reduced and the process is still continuing. Thus, it has been categorized as Endangered.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Mohammed Mostafa Feeroz
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
No
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
It occurs in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Viet Nam (Mukherjee et al. 2010). It is widely distributed throughout the country both in the countryside or homestead woodlands and in all kinds of natural forests and wetlands. At the current time a small population thrives in the countryside when the largest population is still present in the Sundarbans Mangrove Forest with diminishing numbers in other forests (Feeroz 2013, 2014, Feeroz et al. 2011, 2012, Husain 1974, Khan 2008, 2015).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
It prefers wetlands, marshes and haor areas. It is also recorded from the rural areas along river system or close to water bodies (Khan 2008) as well as in countryside thickets on banks of wetlands. It is nocturnal, solitary and shy. Usually Fishing Cat is found active at dawn and dusk. It is basically a fish eater but would kill any small animal that it can grab. Often these include poultry, ducks and geese, kids of goat and sheep when this cat lives near human settlements.
History
Endangered in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).
Publication
IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. xvi+232
Assessment ID
327617
Taxon name
Prionailurus bengalensis
Kerr, 1792
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Prionailurus bengalensis
Kerr, 1792
Common name(s)
Leopard Cat, Chita Biral
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
carnivora
Family
felidae
Genus
Prionailurus
Species
bengalensis
Species authority
Kerr, 1792
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Groves (1997) suggested recognition of several distinct island subspecies on the basis of morphological analysis, including: P. b. borneoensis Brongersma, 1936 in Borneo P. b. heaneyi Groves, 1997 in Palawan island, Philippines P.b. javenensis Desmarest,
Felis bengalensis Kerr, 1792
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Near Threatened
Abbreviated status
NT
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species does not qualify for any threatened category due to its wide distribution and unavailability of the information on its population size. The population is declining due to continual habitat destruction, hunting and conflict with human (Khan 2005, Rawshan et al. 2012). So, Leopard Cat is evaluated as Near Threatened.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Mohammad Sultan Ahmed
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
No
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Its range countries are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Russian Fedaration, Singapore, Taiwan, Province of China, Thailand and Viet Nam (Nowell and Jackson 1996, Sunquist and Sunquist 2002). Leopard Cat has the widest distribution, just after the Jungle Cat, living in all three forest ecosystems, the mixed evergreen, Sal Forests and the Sundarbans Mangrove Forest of the country (Asmat 2009, IUCN 2000, Khan 1982, 1986, 2015, Khan 2004, 2008).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This cat occurs in a broad spectrum of habitats that include moist deciduous Sal forest, wet coastal mangrove forest and semi evergreen forest, as well as shrubs and grasslands (Khan 2005, 2008, Asmat 2009). Leopard Cat is mainly nocturnal, crepuscular and semi arboreal. Like most felids, it is opportunistic and prey on small rodents, reptiles, amphibians, birds, fish, crabs, insects, deer fawn and feeds on carrion (Khan 2004, 2008, Asmat 2009).
History
Data Deficient in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).
Publication
IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. xvi+232
Assessment ID
327616
Taxon name
Pardofelis marmorata
(Martin, 1837)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Pardofelis marmorata
(Martin, 1837)
Common name(s)
Marbled Cat, Marbel Biral, Chopjukta Biral
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
carnivora
Family
felidae
Genus
Pardofelis
Species
marmorata
Species authority
(Martin, 1837)
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
The Marbled Cat resembles with Clouded Leopard in colour and pattern. So, young Clouded Leopards are easily confused with this species.
Felis marmorata (Martin,1837)
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Data Deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
There are some intervening information on the presence of this species but appropriate data on abundance and/ or distribution are lacking. Therefore, it is categorized in Data Deficient.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Md. Modinul Ahsan, Rukshana Sultana
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
No
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Marbled Cats range from the Eastern Himalayas to Upper Myanmar and the Indochinese region including areas of Northeast India, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Thailand, Indonesia and Viet Nam (Medway 1969, Sunquist and Sunquist 2002). No record is available from wild; however, one individual was captured from Northeast region.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is primarily associated with moist deciduous, semi-evergreen forest (Nowell and Jackson 1996), and may prefer hill forests (Duckworth et al.1999, Holden 2001, Grassman et al. 2005). It is solitary animal, rarely seen in the wild. In captivity the longest lifespan was maximum 12 years and 3 months (Sunquist and Sunquist 2002).
History
Data Deficient in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).
Publication
IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. xvi+232
Assessment ID
327615
Taxon name
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
(Pallas, 1777)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
(Pallas, 1777)
Common name(s)
Common Palm Civet, Asian Palm Civet, Gandhagakul, Nongar, Vondar, Shairel, Hailla
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
carnivora
Family
viverridae
Genus
Paradoxurus
Species
hermaphroditus
Species authority
(Pallas, 1777)
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Many subspecies have been described (Corbet and Hill 1992) and a taxonomic revision is needed (Veron et al. in prep. as quoted in Duckworth et al. 2011). Of these, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus bondar (Desmarest, 1820) has been named after Bengali name Vonda
Paradoxurus lignicolor Miller, 1903; Paradoxurus musangus (Raffles, 1821); Paradoxurus philippinensis Jourdan, 1837
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species has been categorized as Least Concern in the view of its wide distribution throughout the country, tolerance to a degree of habitat modification and adaptability to different habitats.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
S.M. Rabiul Alam
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
No
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Nepal, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Viet Nam (Duckworth et al. 2011). Of the several species of civets, this one has the widest distribution and occurs in almost all terrestrial habitats including parts of the Sundarbans having land connection. It is known to live in human settlements including the capital city of Dhaka (Husain 1974, Khan 2015).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
It is found in all types of forests and plantations, including tea gardens, farming areas and human settlement (Khan 1987, Khan 2008). It is mostly terrestrial, nocturnal, crepuscular and solitary. Adults mark their ranges by dragging their anal glands along the ground or tree branches. It is mostly frugivorous but also feeds on rodents, birds, reptiles, insects, worms, seeds, eggs, snails, scorpions and loves to drink datepalm juice and that of the toddy palm or Palmyra Palm, hence its other name 'Toddy Cat'. Gestation period is two months and litter size is two to five (Khan 1987, Khan 2008, Grzimek et al. 2004).
History
Vulnerable in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).
Publication
IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. xvi+232
Assessment ID
327614
Taxon name
Panthera tigris
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Panthera tigris
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Common name(s)
Tiger, Bagh, Baghro Mama, Dora Bagh, Bara-shial, Gobagha, Goira Goma, Loha Faitta, Machak (Garo), Khaiagri (Marma), Pri (Mro)
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
carnivora
Family
felidae
Genus
Panthera
Species
tigris
Species authority
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Bangladesh population of tigers belongs to P. t. tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) subspecies referred to as the Bengal Tiger, is a valid subspecies from the time it was founded by Linnaeus and it has recently been well established by the DNA analysis (Luo et al. 2
Felis tigris Linnaeus, 1758
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Critically Endangered
Abbreviated status
CR
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
Tiger used to occur in and around all the forested areas of Bangladesh until the 1950s and in many villages up to the beginning of 20th century (Mitra 1957, Khan 1985, 1987a, 1987b, 1996, Khan and Chowdhury 2003, Khan 2011). Village-grove-dwelling tigers completely disappeared when the last tiger was shot in Banglabandha, Panchagarh, in 1962 (Khan 1987ab).The Sal forest population decimated by 1980s when those in the forests of the hill districts by the same period too. In these two forest ecosystems the decline is nearly 100 percent. Thankfully, the population in the Sundarbans appears to have stabilized since 1990s. Various estimates indicated the Tiger numbers between 106 and 500 (Ahmad et al. 2009, Khan 2011, 2014, Bangladesh Forest Department 2015 in litt.). In view of the disappearance of all populations from the village groves, mixed evergreen and Sal forests and being down to a single population restricted only to the Bangladesh and India parts of the Sundarbans, its unabated poaching and habitat destructions Bengal Tiger in Bangladesh has been categorized as Critically Endangered.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Mohammad Ali Reza Khan, M. Monirul H. Khan
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
No
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
It is native to Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russian Federation, Thailand and Vietnam. It is possibly extinct in Korea (DPR) and extinct in Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Singapore, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan (Tilson and Seal 1987). Only viable population is in the Sundarbans in the southwest of Bangladesh, but tigers are rarely sighted in the bordering areas of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (particularly in Kassalong Reserved Forest and Sangu Wildlife Sanctuary) and very rarely in the bordering areas of Greater Sylhet (particularly Patharia Hill Reserved Forest) straying from the neighbouring forests in India.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Tigers are found mainly in and around the forests of tropical Asia, although they historically occurred more widely in drier and colder climes. One subspecies, the Amur Tiger P. t. altaica, persists in the temperate forests of Russian Far East. The Sundarbans is the only mangrove habitat for Tigers in Bangladesh. Availability of a sufficient prey based on large ungulates (particularly deer and wild boar) is the key requirement of the Tiger. Tigers need to kill 50 large prey animals per year (Karanth et al. 2004). Tigers are opportunistic predators and their diet includes primates, porcupines, birds, fish, rodents, insects, amphibians, reptiles, etc. Tigers are generally solitary, with adults maintaining exclusive territories, or home ranges. Adult female home ranges seldom overlap, whereas male ranges typically overlap from 1-3 females. Tiger home range and density depend on the prey abundance: densities range from 11.65 adult Tigers per 100 km² where prey is abundant to as low as 0.13-0.45 per 100 km² where prey is more thinly distributed (Nowell and Jackson 1996).
History
Critically Endangered in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).
Publication
IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. xvi+232
Assessment ID
327613
Taxon name
Panthera pardus
Linnaeus, 1758
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Panthera pardus
Linnaeus, 1758
Common name(s)
Leopard, Chitah Bagh
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
carnivora
Family
felidae
Genus
Panthera
Species
pardus
Species authority
Linnaeus, 1758
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
According to genetic analysis, nine subspecies are recognized, with all continental African Leopards attributable to the nominate form (Miththapala et al. 1996, Uphyrkina et al. 2001).
Felis pardus Linnaeus, 1758
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Critically Endangered
Abbreviated status
CR
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
The species was known to occur all over the country and in all habitats as recently as 1940, except possibly for a major portion of the Sundarbans and coastal forests (Khan 1986). It no longer occurs west of longitude 90°E, nor in the Sal forest ( Shorea robusta) belt of northcentral Bangladesh where it was last sighted in Madhupur National Park in 1962 (Khan 1985). Now totally absent from the Sundarbans and from Sal forest, the species is occasionally found in the tea gardens and evergreen forests of Sylhet, notably Rajkandi and Patharia (Gittins and Akonda 1982), Chittagong, Chittagong Hill Tracts and Cox's Bazar forest divisions (Khan 1984, 1985, 1986). The Leopard has become rare and its population may no longer be viable in Bangladesh (Khan 1986). Panthera pardus is evaluated as Critically Endangered because from 1940, Extent of Occurrence and Area of Occupancy of this species have been reduced by more than 90% of areas.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Delip K. Das
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
No
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Leopard occurs across most of sub-Saharan Africa, as remnant populations in North Africa, and then in the Arabian peninsula and Sinai/Judean Desert (Egypt/Israel/Jordan), south western and eastern Turkey, and through southwest Asia and the Caucasus into the Himalayan foothills, India, China and the Russian Far East, as well as on the islands of Java and Sri Lanka (Nowell and Jackson 1996, Sunquist and Sunquist 2002). According to Khan ( 2008), Occurs in a very few areas in southeast (Chittagong Hill tracts) and northeast (RemaKalenga WS) where there are good vegetation cover and prey population. Vagrant individuals visit Gozni forest in north.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
It is both nocturnal and diurnal, although most hunting takes place at night where there are other larger predators but would do so at day where such predators are absent (M.A.R. Khan pers comm.) Leopard is an expert climber and often hides its kill in treetops. It is a solitary hunter. Its regular food includes ungulates, hares, galliform birds, cattle, dogs and some reptiles. It is known to breed all year round (Husain 1974, Khan 1987, 2015, Khan 2008).The Leopard has the widest habitat tolerance of any Old World felid, ranging from rainforest to desert. In Bangladesh it inhabits in hill forests and adjoining tea gardens.
History
Critically Endangered in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).
Publication
IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. xvi+232
Assessment ID
327612
Taxon name
Paguma larvata
(Smith, 1827)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Paguma larvata
(Smith, 1827)
Common name(s)
Masked Palm Civet, Gem-faced Civet, Pahari Vam, Boishne Ula, Wiamphai Naitha (Marma)
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
carnivora
Family
viverridae
Genus
Paguma
Species
larvata
Species authority
(Smith, 1827)
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Corbet and Hill (1992) listed six subspecies but a taxonomic revision is needed for this species.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Vulnerable
Abbreviated status
VU
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species is rare and found only in the mixed evergreen forests of the country. Its population has been declining due to the destruction of forests habitats and hunting. At least 30% of its population has been declined in the last 10 years. Thus, it has been categorized as Vulnerable.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Shayer Mahmood Ibney Alam
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
No
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
It occurs in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, India (Andaman Is.), Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra), Lao PDR, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Viet Nam (Nowak 1999). It is restricted to the mixed evergreen forests of the northeast and southeast of Bangladesh (Khan 1982, 2008, 2015).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
It inhabits in mixed evergreen forests. Masked Palm Civet is arboreal, solitary and nocturnal (Nowak, 1999). It sleeps during the day in 'day beds', which are in trees over 80% of the time. These beds are located in the top 10% of the tree (measured by height) in particular day beds are not reused. There are two breeding seasons per year though there is only one breeding record in the monsoon (April) was observed (pers. obs.). It feeds on fruits, small vertebrates and insects. It rarely comes down to the ground and move in the morning or in the late afternoon.
History
Data Deficient in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).
Publication
IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. xvi+232
Assessment ID
327611
Taxon name
Neofelis nebulosa
(Griffith, 1821)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Neofelis nebulosa
(Griffith, 1821)
Common name(s)
Clouded Leopard, Lam Chita, Gecho Bagh, Lota Bagh
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
carnivora
Family
felidae
Genus
Neofelis
Species
nebulosa
Species authority
(Griffith, 1821)
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Critically Endangered
Abbreviated status
CR
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species is very rare and inhabits within limited areas of the mixed evergreen forests of the northeastern and southeastern parts of the country. The habitats are highly fragmented and in continuing decline with hunting, poaching and killing by the locals. There are only a few sighting records of the species which although can be a result of the secretive nature of the species but extensive hunting by the indigenous communities cannot be overlooked. Although the species is protected by the law of the land but it also restores the right of the indigenous communities' culture. The reasons of the decline of the species population are understood but no such visible action for the protection of the species is in place. So, the species is considered Critically Endangered.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Md. Modinul Ahsan, Rukshana Sultana
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
No
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
It occurs in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Lao PDR, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Viet Nam (Sanderson et al. 2008). It is restricted to the mixed evergreen forests in the northeast and southeast (Aziz 2011, Khan 2015, Khan 2008).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
It is only found in the mixed evergreen forests of the northeast and southeast parts of the country. Clouded Leopard is arboreal and restricted to patches of the mixed evergreen forests only. It is rare and very secretive in nature. It preys upon both arboreal and terrestrial vertebrates.
History
Critically Endangered in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).
Publication
IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. xvi+232
Assessment ID
327610
Taxon name
Melursus ursinus
(Shaw, 1791)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Melursus ursinus
(Shaw, 1791)
Common name(s)
Sloth Bear, Honey Bear, Manthar Bhaluk
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
carnivora
Family
ursidae
Genus
Melursus
Species
ursinus
Species authority
(Shaw, 1791)
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Two subspecies are recognized: the Indian Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus ursinus (Shaw, 1791) and the Sri Lankan Sloth Bear M. u. inornatus (Pucheran, 1855) (Servheen et al. 1999).
Bradypus ursinus Shaw, 1791; Ursus labiatus (de Blainv, 1817); U. inornatus (Pucheran, 1855)
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Regionally Extinct
Abbreviated status
RE
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
There is no sighting record of it in last fifty years from Bangladesh. Survey by Islam et al. (2012) revealed no sign of Sloth Bear either in wild or in captivity. Choudhury (2011) did not find any individual in Dampa Tiger Reserve in the Indian state of Mizoram, which might be the only known possible habitat for this species along Bangladesh border. So, this species can be safely considered Extinct in Bangladesh.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Shayer Mahmood Ibney Alam
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
No
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Indian subcontinent, including Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka (Menon 2003, Prater 1971). According to Blanford (1988), it was a common species in Bengal during 1850s but faced a great decline at his time (1880s) mainly due to sport hunting. The Sloth Bear had the widest distribution among all the three bear species found in Bangladesh. The species has historically been rare within the country in the southeast, east, and northeastern areas (Sarkar 2006 in Islam et al. 2013). Occasional presence of Sloth Bears has been recorded from Madhupur Tract, Garo Hills and in Sherpur District, which are located in the central and north-central regions of the country respectively (Islam et al. 2013). They were also present in Rangpur-Dinajpur area in northwestern part of the country some 50 years back (during 1960s) and were also surviving in a small population in Sylhet, Chittagong and Chittagong Hill Tracts with sightings in Teknaf and Kassalong Reserve Forest. It, however, disappeared from Dhaka, Tangail and Mymensingh forest divisions by then (Khan 1985). There is no reliable information on the presence of this species in Bangladesh, either in the wild or in captivity. Garshelis et al. (2008), Ahmed et al. (2009) and Islam et al. (2013) also concluded that the Sloth Bear might have possibly become extinct in Bangladesh.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Not_assigned
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Sloth Bears are mainly solitary except for mothers with their cubs. They are non-territorial and feed largely on fruits and insects supplemented by carrion. The species typically breeds during June - July, and females give birth, usually to one or two cubs, during November - January, although it may run year-round in some areas of its range. Though they are not aggressive by nature, female sloth bears can be very dangerous for protecting their cubs. They are primarily a low land species living in wet or dry tropical forests, savannas, scrublands, and grasslands within its range.
History
Critically Endangered in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh 2000).
Publication
IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. xvi+232
Assessment ID
327609
Taxon name
Martes flavigula
(Boddaert, 1785)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Martes flavigula
(Boddaert, 1785)
Common name(s)
Yellow-throated Marten, Javan Yellowthroated Marten, Halud Gaas, Gokul, Moula, Mouchaki
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
carnivora
Family
mustelidae
Genus
Martes
Species
flavigula
Species authority
(Boddaert, 1785)
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
A taxonomic revision is needed on different geographic populations. The geographic variability of M. flavigula is considerable; many subspecies have been described, which are considered as separate species by some taxonomists.
Mustela flavigula Boddaert, 1785
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Vulnerable
Abbreviated status
VU
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
The species is restricted to the mixed evergreen forest areas in the northeast (Greater Sylhet) of Bangladesh. The EOO is <20,000 km2 and the number of locations where it is found is <10. The quality of habitat is degrading due to overexploitation of resources and expansion of betel leaf cultivation. Therefore, the species has been categorized as Vulnerable.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2015
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
M. Monirul H. Khan
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp; IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
No
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
It is native to Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, North Korea, South Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Thailand and Viet Nam (Abramov et al. 2008). Mixed evergreen forest areas in the northeast (Greater Sylhet) of Bangladesh (Khan 2015).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes, in the publication/on website
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is usually active during day, but rarely at night. Occurs solitary or in pairs. Very agile and can move quickly on ground and in tree canopy. Feeds on small vertebrates, large invertebrates and bee hives. Rests in tree holes and on branches. The litter size is up to five, and the gestation period is 220-290 days (Duckworth 1995). It occurs in a wide variety of forest types, including degraded one.
History
Not assessed by IUCN Bangladesh in 2000 because it has only recently been discovered.
Publication
IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. xvi+232