This species in South Asia is restricted to many fragmented locations and a few numbers. Threats affecting the species in the region make it Endangered due to the negative effects on area, quality of habitat, number of locations and number of mature individuals.

The taxon is threatened due to its restricted distribution of less than 5000km2 extent of occurrence and 60km2 area of occupancy and continuing decline in area, extent and quality of habitat, and in the number of mature individuals, the latter inferred from threats to habitat and population from degradation and hunting. The taxon is also restricted to less than 300 mature individuals distributed in 20 locations and 12 subpopulations with no subpopulation having more than 50 mature individuals. Given its restricted extent of occurrence, threats on its population and habitat, and small numbers in fragmented patches, the M. assamensis pelops population in South Asia is categorized as Endangered.

Macaca assamensis assamensis is found in around 46 locations and 32 subpopulations in India and Bangladesh, most of which are threatened due to human interference (see under threats). Habitat fragmentation over the years has depleted the area available for this habitat-specific taxon and restricted it to several small pockets that are nonviable. Hunting along with habitat degradation has reduced the total mature population of this species to around 300 in South Asia, a reason why it is categorized as Endangered in the region, although there are some populations that are contiguous with neighbouring Myanmar.

Macaca arctoides is found in around 21 locations and 7 subpopulations in India most of which are threatened due to human interference (see under threats). Habitat fragmentation over the years has depleted the area available for this habitat-specific taxon and restricted it to several small pockets that are non-viable. Hunting along with habitat degradation has reduced the total mature population of this species to around 126 in South Asia, a reason why it is categorized as Critically Endangered in the region.

The Hoolock Gibbon is found in around 126 locations and 97 subpopulations in India and Bangladesh, most of which is threatened due to human interference (see under threats). Habitat fragmentation over the years has depleted the area available for this habitat-specific taxon and restricted it to several small pockets that are non-viable. Hunting along with habitat degradation has been observed to reduce the population of Hoolock Gibbon in South Asia by more than 50% in the last 50 years (3 generations) due to continuing decline in extent of occurrence, area of occupancy and quality of habitat along with exploitation of the taxon in the wild. The rate of decline is also predicted to continue at the same level over the next 50 years (3 generations) since more habitat destruction is predicted for human settlements, increasing population, refugee problems, encroachments and hunting. The number of mature individuals is around 440 in South Asia, with no subpopulations having more than 250 mature individuals and a continuing decline of over 20% over 2 generations. The South Asian population is bigger than the few individuals found in Myanmar, hence the status is retained as Endangered.

Widely distributed and many in number. Since threats to habitat could play a negative role, the taxon is considered Near threatened in Nepal.

Very few numbers and restricted to a single location.

Restricted in distribution in Nepal and some locations are subject to change in quality as also persecution by humans due to human-animal conflicts. Since the taxon can adapt well, the national status of Endangered is lowered to Near Threatened.

The indian population of this taxon is fragmented and under tremendous human pressure. The restricted taxon with few numbers is also declining drastically, making the situation more critical in India. Hence the status within the country is upgraded to Critically Endangered.