This is a perennial herb species that generally grows on sandy plains as well in plantations and disturbed roadsides (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Brown et al. 2007, Mahmoud et al. 2018). This species can grow up to 80 cm in height, producing lance-shaped leaves in addition to yellow flowers between February and May (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

It is an annual or biennial herb species that is typically found growing in stable and compact sand (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Brown et al. 2007, Mahmoud et al. 2018). Launaea capitata has rosette leaves and produces small pale yellow flowers between February and April, in addition to winged fruits (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

This species is a perennial sub-shrub with mounded habit to 0.6 m. Its inflorescence forms a wire-netting-like structure around the plant, while its leaves are seasonally deciduous growing from rocky areas along steep wadi that would receive brief but significant, fast-flowing water during rains. It is often associated with Forsskaolea viridis. The plant has atypical flowers for an Asteraceae, with four yellow ray flowers but no disc flowers (D. Aplin pers. comm. 2019). This dwarf shrub can be found growing in silty substrates within gravel wadis and plains in addition to the margins of nearby fields (Feulner 2011). Lactuca orientalis is a crop wild relative of lettuce, Lactuca sativa (Kameswara Rao 2013).

This perennial shrub species is typically found growing on hillsides (Fawzi and Ksiksi 2012, Mahmoud et al. 2018).

This species appears to be more abundant in wetter years (Brown et al. 2007). It is an annual herb, which is found growing in sand/gravel plains in addition to wadis (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Brown et al. 2007, Mahmoud et al. 2018). Within these environments, it plays an important ecological role in terms of sand fixation and contribution to biomass (Ghazanfar and Fisher 1998, Heneidy et al. 2018). The plant typically produces 1-3 stems and can grow up to 10 cm in height, producing long pointed leaves along with very small, yellow-green flowers that are present between February and April (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

This is an annual herb species whose flowering period takes place from February to April (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It has silver-grey leaves and is covered in white hair (Jongbloed et al. 2003). This species can be found in silt between rocks of wadis and edges of fields, in addition to mountainous environments (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It is also recorded as being a food plant for the Cape Hare, Lepus capenssi (Norton et al. 2009).

This species is a perennial/annual herb and it flowers from February to April (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It is found on sand and gravel plains, but also on limestone hills (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018). The plant can grow to 15 cm in height, displaying grey-green, woolly leaves with spines in addition to cream solitary flowers (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is occasionally eaten by camels when other, preferred, vegetation is scare (Norton et al. 2009).

It is an annual species with a flowering period from February to April (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It can be found in silt between rocks of wadi banks, hillsides or fields (Jongbloed et al. 2003). This species can grow up to 20 cm in height in addition to producing spoon-shaped, prickly, indented leaves and pink-purple flowers (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

This species is a small annual (occasionally perennial) herb that grows up to 0.15 m, flowers between February and May, and grows in silt between rocks in mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006), and in sandy and gravelly places (MEW 2010). Karim and Dakheel (2006) also found the species in sandy salty soils in wadis or in desert depressions.

This tree has been recorded as growing within developed zones, plantations, oases and sandsheets (Reza Khan 1992, Böer and Saenger 2006, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It is well adapted to extreme summer temperatures, low moisture and high evaporation rates, tolerating hot and saline conditions (Karim and Dakheel 2006). It can grow from around 5 m up to 30 m in height and produces characteristic palm leaves (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006). Cream coloured flowers are produced around late spring-time and the date fruit becomes ripe during summer (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Phoenix dactylifera occurs as both a cultivated and wild plant, growing in salt marshes, orchards and urban areas (Karim and Dakheel 2006).