This species is widespread in the eastern part of the UAE, including the Ru'us al-Jibal (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Feulner 2011). It is recorded as occurring at a wide range of altitudes to c. 1,600 m elevation (Feulner 2011). It occurs along ridgetops in Olive Highlands (Feulner 2014) and is common in Wadi Wurayah National Park (WWNP; Feulner 2016). The global distribution of this species extends from Macaronesia to the Indian subcontinent (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019). It is extinct in Greece and has been introduced to Central America, Australia (New South Wales), Mauritius and Rodrigues Island (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019, CABI 2019).

The species is found at high elevations in the Ru'us al-Jibal, from c.800 m to at least 1,800 m (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Feulner 2011, M. Tsaliki pers. comm. 2019). It has been recorded in Ras al Khaimah from a farmed area on a high elevation mountain plateau on Jebel Jais (M. Tsaliki pers. comm. 2019). It is a ruderal species (Feulner 2011) whose origin in the UAE requires confirmation; it may be a temperate species that is native to the higher elevation in the UAE, or may be introduced. The global distribution of this species is circum-Mediterranean, through the Arabian Peninsula (although the UAE is not listed) to the western Himalaya and Central Asia (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018, GRIN 2019).

Within the UAE this species is found at high elevations in the Ru'us al-Jibal, usually above 1,000 m but found from 700 m to 1,450 m (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Feulner 2011). There are unconfirmed records from the Jebel Jais plateau and from Olive Wadi (Sfai); M. Tsaliki pers. comm. 2019). Globally, this species is distributed from the Arabian Peninsula through West and Central Asia as far north as Kazakhstan and as far east as western China (Board of Trustees, RGB Kew 2018).

The species is widespread in the Hajar mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003) and is also found in Ru'us al-Jibal, at elevations of up to 1,450 m (Feulner 2011). This plant species has also been recorded in off-shore islands of Abu Dhabi (Sakkir et al. 2017). This species is globally distributed from Macaronesia to South West Italy and India, North East and East Tropical Africa (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

In the UAE, this species occurs widely in the Hajar Mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003), with specific records from the Ru'us al-Jibal (Feulner 2011) and the buffer zone (upper Wadi Siji) of Wadi Wurayah National Park (Feulner 2016). The species has also been recorded from the summit of Jebel Hafeet (<a href=""http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00357622"">RBG Edinburgh Herbarium specimen; coll. R. Western, 1983</a>). Al Meharibi et al. (2019) show presence on Jebel Hafeet only. Globally this species occurs in North Africa, The Middle East and Central Asia (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).

This species is widespread across the entire UAE, especially along roadsides (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Al Mehairbi et al. 2019). Globally, this species occurs from the Sahara and North Africa to the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East, to Central Asia and India (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).

In the UAE, this species is known from Wadi Wurayah (Feulner 2016) and the southern Hajar Mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Globally, the species is distributed across much of Africa, through the Arabian Peninsula, to Iran and Iraq (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).

Within the UAE, this species has been found to occur in Baynunah (Jongbloed et al. 2003, MEW 2010) in Abu Dhabi Emirate. It was first recorded by Böer and Chaudhary (1999). This species native range is from Iraq to the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018) and the Middle East (Jordan, Israel).

This species occurs in the northern Emirates and also on offshore islands (Jongbloed et al. 2003), although likely to be introduced to the islands (e.g., Dalm and Deenah islands; Al Meharibi et al. 2019). It is found in the Ru'us al-Jibal Mountains to 1,500 m asl (Feulner 2011) and in Wadi Wurayah National Park (Feulner 2016). It is also suspected to occur to the south of Hatta. Globally, this species occurs in South Africa, across northern Africa and southern Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia and east to India (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).

This species has been recorded widely in the north-east of the UAE, with a distribution in the Hajar Mountains and the western foothills and gravel plains (Jongbloed et al. 2003). The species has also been recorded in the Ru'us al-Jibal (Feulner 2011). Feulner (2016) considered it likely to be present in Wadi Hiluw. Judas (2016) recorded the species from Wadi Wurayah National Park. The species has also been reported from Taweela, as well as the coastal dunes from Umm al-Quwain to Ra's al-Khaimah, which suggests this species is continuously distributed along the coastal strip from Abu Dhabi Island to Ra's al-Khaimah (Brown et al. 2007). It has also been recorded from Jebel Hafeet (Sakkir and Brown 2014).Globally, the species occurs from the Macaronesian Islands, across southern Spain, and through northern Africa to the Middle East, India and Pakistan (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018). It has been introduced to southern Africa and to Australia.