This annual species grows within fields in montane areas, in addition to plantations, gardens and moist disturbed ground (Jongbloed et al. 2003, MEW 2010). It can reach up to 40 cm in height, has spoon shaped leaves with rounded tips, in addition to lobed fruits and parasol-shaped flowers which can be seen between February and April (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

It generally inhabits gravel plains and wadis (Jongbloed et al. 2003), but has also been reported from abandoned fields (Western 1991). Euphorbia granulata is also considered a weed in urban areas (Norton et al. 2009). However, it seems to thrive in montane habitats (G.R. Feulner, in litt, MEW 2010). An annual herb species, it produces white, solitary flowers which are present from February to June, in addition to a three-lobed fruit (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018).

This annual species can grow up to 50 cm in height and is typically covered in distinctive white hairs (Jongbloed et al. 2003). The leaves are round/oval, the fruit is hairy with three lobes (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It grows within firm sand and gravel habitats (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

This species inhabits gravel plains, wadis and low montane slopes (Jongbloed et al. 2003), it is also known from field margins and disturbed areas (Norton et al. 2009). It is a perennial herb/small shrub, has a woody base and can grow up to 80 cm in height (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Norton et al. 2009). It has yellow-green flowers on spikes and the plant also produces fruit as a capsule with three lobes (Jongbloed et al. 2003). The plain tiger butterfly (Danaus chrysippus) feeds from the flowers of this species (Gillett 1998).

This perennial herb species is known to grow in silt between rocks in wadis and on hillsides and hill tops (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018, M. Tsaliki pers. comm. 2019). It has a woody base, can reach up to 0.3 m in height, has smooth oval leaves, smooth capsular fruit and cream coloured flowers which can be seen between February and May (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

MEW (2010) reported the species to be found on hillsides, and in pockets of sand and silt amongst rocks.

This species is a perennial vine that grows up to 6 m (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It flowers between February and May and grows in sand, gravel and plantations (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

It is a perennial large shrub that can grow up to 250-300 cm in height, in addition to producing yellow flowers between November and June (Jongbloed et al. 2003). This species is typically found growing in sandy plains and low dunes within the UAE (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is often used in sand dune stabilisation and is a characteristic species of this environment (Karim and Dakheel 2006). Leptadenia pyrotechnica has been shown to have effective adaptations to low-moisture environments and is highly salt tolerant (Karim and Dakheel 2006); the root system allows the plant to survive on existing water in the soil for 4 years without any additional rainfall (Batanouny 2001). Other species, such as gazelles and oryx, use Leptadenia pyrotechnica to shelter from the sun during the day (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Gallacher and Hill 2005). L. pyrotechnica has also been noted as a potential larval food plant for the Plain Tiger butterfly (Gillett 1998). This plant also appears to co-exist with Rhanterium epapposum, which may suggest an association between the two (El Alqamy 2004).

Calotropis procera is a shrub or small tree, which generally reaches up to 2.5-4 m (max. 6) high (CABI 2018). It is known to be grazed by camels and gazelles, although this is not considered to pose a threat. However, C. procera may pose a threat to other plant species.

This small to medium evergreen tree species grows within wadi beds, coastal foothills, alluvial plains and in desert regions (Staurt and Stuart 1998, Karim and Dakheel 2006, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It can reach up to 12 metres in height and has spiny branches (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006). The leaves are ovate-oblong in shape, the edible fruit is orange-yellow and ovoid, and small yellowish green flowers can be seen between September to November and March to May (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006). This species is highly salt tolerant (Karim and Dakheel 2006) and is also a crop wild relative of the Jujube, Ziziphus jujuba (Kameswara Rao 2013). Ziziphus spina-christi is utilised by the Mediterranean Pierrot butterfly (Taruxus rosaceus) as a food plant for its caterpillars (Jongbloed et al. 2003).