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Assessment ID
330273
Taxon name
Gymnarrhena micrantha
Desf.
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Gymnarrhena micrantha
Desf.
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
asterales
Family
asteraceae
Genus
Gymnarrhena
Species
micrantha
Species authority
Desf.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Critically Endangered
Abbreviated status
CR
Qualifying criteria (if given)
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species was recorded in 1988 from a single location on Jebel Hafeet, where it was found near the lower radio tower. The species has not apparently been recorded by subsequent surveys on the mountain. The species is considered to occur in a single location, based on the primary threat of grazing, and with a restricted area of occupancy and extent of occurrence estimated at just 4 km<sup>2</sup>, with a continuing decline in the quality of habitat as a result of grazing pressure. The species is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)), Regionally Possibly Extinct due to the extent of habitat conversion that has occurred in the area where the species was recorded. The species was reported (Jongbloed 1988) from adjacent parts of Oman, on Jebel Qatar, however the status of those populations is not known, and no regional rescue adjustment is applied.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species has been recorded from Jebel Hafeet, where it was found near the lower radio tower (Jongbloed 1988). Jongbloed (1988) reported that the species is also known from adjacent parts of Oman, on Jebel Qatar. The species has not apparently been recorded by subsequent surveys on the mountain. The global range of this species is across North Africa, through much of the Arabian Peninsula (including the UAE) to Pakistan and central Asia (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This small prostrate annual was found on silt among rocks (Jongbloed et al. 2003).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
The primary threat is from development (road construction and other works) and recreational use of the area. Grazing by wild (tahr and gazelles) and feral (goats) animals (Sakkir et al. 2018) is an additional threat.
History
When first recorded, it was considered to be rare and Critically Endangered. Failure to rediscover this species since its initial discovery in 1988 has led it to be considered as 'Possibly Extinct' now, although in 1996 it may have been considered as still extant.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330272
Taxon name
Filago pyramidata
L.
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Filago pyramidata
L.
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
asterales
Family
asteraceae
Genus
Filago
Species
pyramidata
Species authority
L.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Data Deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
There is little information available regarding the detailed distribution of this species, in addition to the current population trend and potential threats. Confusion with the closely related species, Filago desertorum, may have exacerbated the lack of knowledge of this plant and lead to possible under-recording. It is assessed as Data Deficient.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the UAE, this species is known to occur in the high Ru'us al-Jibal (Feulner 2011) above 1,000 m elevation (G.R. Feulner pers. comm. 2019). The species has also been recorded from the upper parts of Wadi Siji in the Wadi Wurayah National Park (WWNP) buffer zone, and it is also thought to also occur in WWNP itself. Globally, this species' native range encompasses Macaronesia, Europe, western Asia and the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Incomplete
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is similar to Filago desertorum: an annual plant growing up to 15 cm in height, covered in white woolly 'hair' and producing flowers between February and April (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is also thought to grow in hard silt environments and in gravel within rocky wadis in addition to along the edges of fields (Jongbloed et al. 2003).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
Without detailed information on the distribution in the UAE, little can be said about threats, however, it is likely to have been impacted by grazing.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330271
Taxon name
Filago desertorum
Pomel
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Filago desertorum
Pomel
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
asterales
Family
asteraceae
Genus
Filago
Species
desertorum
Species authority
Pomel
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
Despite being described as rare within the UAE in general, this species appears to locally common within its restricted range. It is also known to occur in at least one protected area. Therefore, it is assessed as Least Concern.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is widespread in the Ru'us al-Jibal and northern Hajar Mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Feulner 2014). It is an annual species which can regularly be seen at high elevations. Filago desertorum has been reported among bedrock at c. 900 m, as well as from silt at Birkat al-Khalidiyah (Mandaville) up to high elevations (Feulner 2011). The global distribution of this species includes the Canary Islands, South Spain, and North Africa to Pakistan (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This is an annual herb species whose flowering period takes place from February to April (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It has silver-grey leaves and is covered in white hair (Jongbloed et al. 2003). This species can be found in silt between rocks of wadis and edges of fields, in addition to mountainous environments (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It is also recorded as being a food plant for the Cape Hare, Lepus capenssi (Norton et al. 2009).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
Grazing by goats may affect this species in parts of its range (Shahid 2017).
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330270
Taxon name
Calendula arvensis
L.
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Calendula arvensis
L.
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
asterales
Family
asteraceae
Genus
Calendula
Species
arvensis
Species authority
L.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Near Threatened
Abbreviated status
NT
Qualifying criteria (if given)
A2a
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species, although being described as 'not common' or 'occasional', is considered to be a weed in certain habitats. The species is known to have declined over time as a result of changing rainfall patterns. It is known to survive within both disturbed areas and at a wide range of altitudes. The species is Near Threatened because of a population decline (approaching 30%) over the last ten years.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is widespread in the Hajar Mountains and Ru'us al-Jibal (Jongbloed et al. 2003). This plant species can be found in silt and fallow fields up to 1,200 m and above (Feulner 2011). However, it is also recorded at lower elevations within montane areas too (Feulner 2011). The global distribution of this species is in Macaronesia, Europe to the Mediterranean and West Himalaya, and the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This is an annual herb species which produces yellow flowers from January to March (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Norton et al. 2009). It grows to heights of up to 30 cm and typically occurs in silt substrate between rocks in montane areas (Jongbloed et al. 2003). This species can be found in sandy and gravelly habitats, wadis, plantations and fallow fields (MEW 2010, Feulner 2011). It is sometimes considered as a weed of disturbed areas and silty depressions within its habitat (Norton et al. 2009). It is highly rain-dependent.
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
Grazing by goats may affect this species in parts of its range (Shahid 2017). Declining rainfall is thought also be causing declines.
History
This species is considered to have become much less common due to decreasing frequency of wet years. In addition, increasing grazing may have contributed to population declines since 1996.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330269
Taxon name
Atractylis carduus
C.Chr.
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Atractylis carduus
C.Chr.
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
asterales
Family
asteraceae
Genus
Atractylis
Species
carduus
Species authority
C.Chr.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species is quite widespread within the UAE, in addition to being locally common within its preferred habitats. The species is assessed as Least Concern.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is a locally common and widespread in the north-west of the UAE (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It has also been recently recorded at Jebel Hafeet (Sakkir and Brown 2014). The global distribution of this species extends from the South and East Mediterranean to South Pakistan and the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is a perennial/annual herb and it flowers from February to April (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It is found on sand and gravel plains, but also on limestone hills (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018). The plant can grow to 15 cm in height, displaying grey-green, woolly leaves with spines in addition to cream solitary flowers (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is occasionally eaten by camels when other, preferred, vegetation is scare (Norton et al. 2009).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
There is no information available.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330268
Taxon name
Atractylis cancellata
L.
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Atractylis cancellata
L.
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
asterales
Family
asteraceae
Genus
Atractylis
Species
cancellata
Species authority
L.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
Although this species is described as rare, it is relatively widespread within the northeast of the UAE, according to Jongbloed et al. (2003), and occurs at a range of altitudes. As a result, it is assessed as Least Concern.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species has been recorded from the northern Hajar Mountains and the Ru'us al-Jibal (Jongbloed et al. 2003) where it can be found at elevations of up to at least 1,600 m (Feulner 2011). The global distribution of this species includes Macaronesia, the Mediterranean to Pakistan and the Arabian Peninsula (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
It is an annual species with a flowering period from February to April (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It can be found in silt between rocks of wadi banks, hillsides or fields (Jongbloed et al. 2003). This species can grow up to 20 cm in height in addition to producing spoon-shaped, prickly, indented leaves and pink-purple flowers (Jongbloed et al. 2003).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
There is no information available.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330267
Taxon name
Pallenis hierochuntica
(Michon) Greuter
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Pallenis hierochuntica
(Michon) Greuter
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
asterales
Family
asteraceae
Genus
Pallenis
Species
hierochuntica
Species authority
(Michon) Greuter
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species is widespread in northeastern parts of the UAE. Whilst subpopulations might be impacted by grazing, it is thought that the species still qualifies as Least Concern.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
In the UAE, this species is widespread in the Hajar Mountains and the Ru'us al-Jibal at all elevations (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is found to c. 1,550 m asl in the Ru'us al-Jibal, although it is more common at higher altitudes (Feulner 2011). Karim and Dakheel (2006) record the species from Al Ain, Shwayb, Hatta and Dhaid. Globally, this species occurs from Macaronesia, across North Africa, to the Middle East, the Arabian Peninsula, and east to Pakistan (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is a small annual (occasionally perennial) herb that grows up to 0.15 m, flowers between February and May, and grows in silt between rocks in mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006), and in sandy and gravelly places (MEW 2010). Karim and Dakheel (2006) also found the species in sandy salty soils in wadis or in desert depressions.
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
Grazing by livestock may impact the species in parts of its range.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330266
Taxon name
Anvillea garcinii
(Burm.f.) DC.
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Anvillea garcinii
(Burm.f.) DC.
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
magnoliopsida
Order
asterales
Family
asteraceae
Genus
Anvillea
Species
garcinii
Species authority
(Burm.f.) DC.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
B1ab(iii); D
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
In the UAE, this species is known from Jebel Hafeet and an adjacent wadi and plain. The species has also been recorded from a dam outflow in Wadi Shuaib; this locality is excluded here because the origin of the species at that site requires confirmation. The EOO is estimated to be 213 km<sup>2</sup> and there are considered to be three locations. The species is assessed as Endangered (EN B1ab(iii); D) based on the restricted number (&lt;500) of mature individuals and its restricted EOO, occurrence in three locations, and an inferred continuing decline in habitat quality as a result of drought, development, and other threats. Confirmation of the distribution and population status of this species is needed. No adjacent populations are yet known in Oman, and no regional adjustment is applied.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
In the UAE, this species is known from Jebel Hafeet (Jongbloed et al. 2003), where it is known from three distinct areas;<ol><li>Wadi Tarabat: the upper reaches (a few plants observed; G. Brown pers. comm. 2019) and on the plains and lower parts of Wadi Tarabat at the northern end of Jebel Hafeet (R. Khan, G.R. Feulner pers. comm. 2019). Two locations, based on the division of this area by the privately managed fenced reserve.</li><li>Very locally immediately to the east of Jebel Hafeet at the base of the mountain. One location, defined by camel grazing.</li><li>A small subpopulation in a small wadi at high elevation (900 m) close to the summit (S. Sakkir pers. comm. 2019). One location; threats uncertain, but likely to include grazing pressure and drought.</li></ol>In addition, the species has been recorded once in Wadi Shuaib (T. Mahmoud pers. comm. 2019), however the origin of the species here requires confirmation; it is may be of anthropogenic origin, or have originated from above the dame, in adjacent parts of Oman. The estimated EOO for this species is 213 km<sup>2</sup>. There are at present no records of the species from Oman, but it might be expected to occur in the Musandam Peninsula (S. Ghazanfar pers. comm. 2019) or on adjacent parts of Jebel Hafeet. Globally, this species occurs in Egypt (Sinai), the eastern Mediterranean (Israel, Palestine, Jordan), through the Arabian Peninsula, to Iraq and Iran (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2018), whilst Greuter (2006-2009) gives a wider distribution to Morocco in North Africa and possibly north to Lebanon-Syria, but excludes the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq and Iran.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is a perennial shrub that grows up to 0.5 m in height that flowers between February and April and grows in compacted sand (Jongbloed et al. 2003) in runnels (G. Brown pers. comm. 2019). A continuing decline in habitat quality is suspected as a result of grazing (by camels and introduced ungulates) in parts of its range, primarily around the lower slopes and adjacent plains of Jebel Hafeet.
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
In 2003, the habitat of the species was impacted by off-road driving, and the population had been impacted by drought, with no live plants seen (Jongbloed 2006), although G. Brown (pers. comm. 2019) considers that the plants are likely to have been dormant rather than dead. The area where the species occurs at the northern end of the mountain has undergone significant development in recent years. Part of the area of occurrence at the northern end of the mountain is fenced (a privately managed area) and the threats in this area are not well understood. Camels are known to occur on the eastern side of the mountain (G. Brown pers. comm. 2019) and feral ungulates occur on Jebel Hafeet.
History
In 1996, the species will have had a slightly larger AOO, but still within the thresholds for Endangered, however the primary threat at the time (off-road driving) was not sufficient to define &lt;10 locations given the difficult terrain. The species is therefore assessed as Near Threatened in 1996 on the basis of the restricted EOO and AOO.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330265
Taxon name
Phoenix dactylifera
L.
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Phoenix dactylifera
L.
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
liliopsida
Order
arecales
Family
arecaceae
Genus
Phoenix
Species
dactylifera
Species authority
L.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
The origin of this species in the UAE is uncertain and it seems likely that it has been introduced but has become naturalised, as suggested by the anthropogenic habitats that it is predominantly found in. However, due to this uncertainty, it is included in the UAE National Red List and is assessed as Least Concern because of the probable absence of widespread threats.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
In the UAE, Phoenix dactylifera is known from Al Ain, Abu Dhabi and Dubai (Karim and Dakheel 2006). Plants of the World Online state that the UAE encompasses part of this species native range (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019), while the draft UAE Red Data Book labelled the species as 'Not Applicable' as it is cultivated (MEW 2010), and the species is listed as an introduced landscape plants by MoCCaE (O. Al Shamsi pers. comm. 2018). This species can persist at a range of altitudes up to 1,200 m (MEW 2010). Globally, this species' native distribution spans from the Arabian Peninsula to the south of Pakistan (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This tree has been recorded as growing within developed zones, plantations, oases and sandsheets (Reza Khan 1992, Böer and Saenger 2006, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It is well adapted to extreme summer temperatures, low moisture and high evaporation rates, tolerating hot and saline conditions (Karim and Dakheel 2006). It can grow from around 5 m up to 30 m in height and produces characteristic palm leaves (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006). Cream coloured flowers are produced around late spring-time and the date fruit becomes ripe during summer (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Phoenix dactylifera occurs as both a cultivated and wild plant, growing in salt marshes, orchards and urban areas (Karim and Dakheel 2006).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
There is no information available.
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.
Assessment ID
330264
Taxon name
Asphodelus tenuifolius
Cav.
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Taxonomic information
Scientific name
Asphodelus tenuifolius
Cav.
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Plants
Flowering Plants
Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
tracheophyta
Class
liliopsida
Order
asparagales
Family
asphodelaceae
Genus
Asphodelus
Species
tenuifolius
Species authority
Cav.
Location and scope
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Conservation Status
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN

(see Assessment details)

Assessment rationale/justification
This species is generally considered to be common in the UAE, in addition to being widespread throughout the east of the country. It occurs at a range of altitudes and has also been recorded from at least one protected area. It is therefore listed as Least Concern.
Assessment details
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Further information
Endemism (according to assessment)
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is widespread in the eastern part of the UAE, including the Ru'us al-Jibal (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Feulner 2011). It is recorded as occurring at a wide range of altitudes to c. 1,600 m elevation (Feulner 2011). It occurs along ridgetops in Olive Highlands (Feulner 2014) and is common in Wadi Wurayah National Park (WWNP; Feulner 2016). The global distribution of this species extends from Macaronesia to the Indian subcontinent (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019). It is extinct in Greece and has been introduced to Central America, Australia (New South Wales), Mauritius and Rodrigues Island (Board of Trustees, RBG Kew 2019, CABI 2019).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Habitat and systems
Ecological system type
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat
Habitat details as listed in assessment
An erect annual, monocotyledonous herb, found in sand and gravel at all elevations (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Perry 2008, Mahmoud et al. 2018) particularly seen after rain (Feulner 2011). It produces numerous small, white flowers between December and May and can grow to heights of around 0.4 m (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Perry 2008). It is considered to be a common weed of fields (Heneidy et al. 2018), although it is also utilised as a host plant by Cuscuta planiflora (Jongbloed et al. 2003).
Threats and conservation measures listed
Threats listed in assessment
This species may be threatened by over-collection and over-grazing (Heneidy et al. 2018), particularly from goats (Shahid 2017).
Publication
Allen, D.J., Westrip, J.R.S., Puttick, A., Harding, K.A., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Ali, H. 2021. UAE National Red List of Vascular Plants. Technical Report. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.