Assessment ID
94447
Taxon name
Rousettus leschenaulti
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Publication
Molur, S., G. Marimuthu, C. Srinivasulu, S. Mistry, A.M. Hutson, P.J.J. Bates, S. Walker, K. Padma Priya and A.R. Binu Priya, editors. 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Assessment ID
94438
Taxon name
Rhinopoma microphyllum
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Rhinopoma microphyllum
Common name(s)
Bengali: Indur-lenji Chamchika English: Greater Mouse-tailed Bat
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
chiroptera
Family
rhinopomatidae
Genus
Rhinopoma
Species
microphyllum
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Year assessed
2002
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Molur, S., Marimuthu, G., Srinivasulu, C., Mistry, S., Hutson, A.M., Bates, P.J.J., Walker, S., Padma Priya, K., Binu Priya, A.R. (Editors). 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report, 2002. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ii+30pp
URL (link) of redlist assessment or publication
http://www.nationalredlist.org/files/2012/08/Status-of-South-Asian-Chiroptera-2002.pdf
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Afghanistan, Arabia, Bangladesh, India, Iran, North Africa, Pakistan, Sumatra, Thailand; For detailed distribution information within South Asia, see Molur et al. 2002
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes; See Molur et al. 2002
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Desert regions.
Threats listed in assessment
Human interference, habitat loss.
Publication
Molur, S., G. Marimuthu, C. Srinivasulu, S. Mistry, A.M. Hutson, P.J.J. Bates, S. Walker, K. Padma Priya and A.R. Binu Priya, editors. 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Assessment ID
94433
Taxon name
Rhinopoma hardwickii
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Rhinopoma hardwickii
Common name(s)
Bengali: Chhoto Indur-lenji Badur English: Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
chiroptera
Family
rhinopomatidae
Genus
Rhinopoma
Species
hardwickii
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Year assessed
2002
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Molur, S., Marimuthu, G., Srinivasulu, C., Mistry, S., Hutson, A.M., Bates, P.J.J., Walker, S., Padma Priya, K., Binu Priya, A.R. (Editors). 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report, 2002. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ii+30pp
URL (link) of redlist assessment or publication
http://www.nationalredlist.org/files/2012/08/Status-of-South-Asian-Chiroptera-2002.pdf
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Afghanistan, Arabia, Bangladesh, India, Iran Myanmar, Morroco, Mauritania to East Africa, Niger, Pakistan; For detailed distribution information within South Asia, see Molur et al. 2002
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes; See Molur et al. 2002
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Wide crevices, temple
Threats listed in assessment
Habitat loss, pollution, chemical, pesticides.
Publication
Molur, S., G. Marimuthu, C. Srinivasulu, S. Mistry, A.M. Hutson, P.J.J. Bates, S. Walker, K. Padma Priya and A.R. Binu Priya, editors. 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Assessment ID
94411
Taxon name
Rhinolophus luctus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Rhinolophus luctus
Common name(s)
Bengali: Woolwala Chamchika English: Woolly Horseshoe Bat
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
chiroptera
Family
rhinolophidae
Genus
Rhinolophus
Species
luctus
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Near Threatened
Abbreviated status
NT
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
Low population size (may be <10, 000) and a predicted decline of 10% due to habitat destruction.
Year assessed
2002
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Molur, S., Marimuthu, G., Srinivasulu, C., Mistry, S., Hutson, A.M., Bates, P.J.J., Walker, S., Padma Priya, K., Binu Priya, A.R. (Editors). 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report, 2002. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ii+30pp
URL (link) of redlist assessment or publication
http://www.nationalredlist.org/files/2012/08/Status-of-South-Asian-Chiroptera-2002.pdf
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
India, Bangladesh, southern China, Nepal, northern Myanmar, southeast Asia. ; For detailed distribution information within South Asia, see Molur et al. 2002
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes; See Molur et al. 2002
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Large caves in forests, rocky outcrops, semievergreen forest.
Threats listed in assessment
Habitat loss, deforestation. The influence on the population well understood, not reversible and have not ceased to be a threat.
Publication
Molur, S., G. Marimuthu, C. Srinivasulu, S. Mistry, A.M. Hutson, P.J.J. Bates, S. Walker, K. Padma Priya and A.R. Binu Priya, editors. 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Assessment ID
94391
Taxon name
Rhinolophus subbadius
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Rhinolophus subbadius
Common name(s)
Bengali: Sadharan Gorakhuri Chamchika English: Chestnut Horseshoe Bat, Little Nepalese Horse-shoe bat
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
chiroptera
Family
rhinolophidae
Genus
Rhinolophus
Species
subbadius
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Vulnerable
Abbreviated status
VU
Qualifying criteria (if given)
B2ab(iii)
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
Restricted area of occupancy and threats to habitat, which has an impact on population trend.
Year assessed
2002
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Molur, S., Marimuthu, G., Srinivasulu, C., Mistry, S., Hutson, A.M., Bates, P.J.J., Walker, S., Padma Priya, K., Binu Priya, A.R. (Editors). 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report, 2002. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ii+30pp
URL (link) of redlist assessment or publication
http://www.nationalredlist.org/files/2012/08/Status-of-South-Asian-Chiroptera-2002.pdf
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
China, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Vietnam; For detailed distribution information within South Asia, see Molur et al. 2002
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes; See Molur et al. 2002
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Caves, dense jungles, bamboo forest
Threats listed in assessment
Habitat loss, deforestation, human interference, mining might also be a threat. The influence on the population not well understood, not reversible and have not ceased to be a threat.
Publication
Molur, S., G. Marimuthu, C. Srinivasulu, S. Mistry, A.M. Hutson, P.J.J. Bates, S. Walker, K. Padma Priya and A.R. Binu Priya, editors. 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Assessment ID
94384
Taxon name
Rhinolophus pearsonii
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Rhinolophus pearsonii
Common name(s)
Bengali: Pearsoner Gorakhuri Chamchika English: Pearson's Horse-shoe Bat
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
chiroptera
Family
rhinolophidae
Genus
Rhinolophus
Species
pearsonii
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Near Threatened
Abbreviated status
NT
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Year assessed
2002
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Molur, S., Marimuthu, G., Srinivasulu, C., Mistry, S., Hutson, A.M., Bates, P.J.J., Walker, S., Padma Priya, K., Binu Priya, A.R. (Editors). 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report, 2002. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ii+30pp
URL (link) of redlist assessment or publication
http://www.nationalredlist.org/files/2012/08/Status-of-South-Asian-Chiroptera-2002.pdf
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, northern Myanmar, Southeast Asia, Tibet; For detailed distribution information within South Asia, see Molur et al. 2002
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes; See Molur et al. 2002
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Montane forest, tropical valleys, bamboo forests
Threats listed in assessment
Human interference, habitat loss, habitat destruction. The influence on the population not understood, not reversible and have not ceased to be a threat.
Publication
Molur, S., G. Marimuthu, C. Srinivasulu, S. Mistry, A.M. Hutson, P.J.J. Bates, S. Walker, K. Padma Priya and A.R. Binu Priya, editors. 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Assessment ID
94377
Taxon name
Rhinolophus affinis
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Rhinolophus affinis
Common name(s)
Intermediate Horse-shoe Bat
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
chiroptera
Family
rhinolophidae
Genus
Rhinolophus
Species
affinis
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data Deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
Widely distributed bat with ability to adapt to changing habitats.
Year assessed
2002
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Molur, S., Marimuthu, G., Srinivasulu, C., Mistry, S., Hutson, A.M., Bates, P.J.J., Walker, S., Padma Priya, K., Binu Priya, A.R. (Editors). 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report, 2002. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ii+30pp
URL (link) of redlist assessment or publication
http://www.nationalredlist.org/files/2012/08/Status-of-South-Asian-Chiroptera-2002.pdf
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Bangladesh, China, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia; For detailed distribution information within South Asia, see Molur et al. 2002
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes; See Molur et al. 2002
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Caves
Threats listed in assessment
Human interference, habitat loss. The influence on the population well understood, not reversible and have not ceased to be a threat.
Publication
Molur, S., G. Marimuthu, C. Srinivasulu, S. Mistry, A.M. Hutson, P.J.J. Bates, S. Walker, K. Padma Priya and A.R. Binu Priya, editors. 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Assessment ID
94371
Taxon name
Rhinolophus lepidus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Rhinolophus lepidus
Common name(s)
Bengali: Chhoto Ghorakhuri Chamchika English: Blyth's Horseshoe Bat
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
chiroptera
Family
rhinolophidae
Genus
Rhinolophus
Species
lepidus
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Year assessed
2002
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Molur, S., Marimuthu, G., Srinivasulu, C., Mistry, S., Hutson, A.M., Bates, P.J.J., Walker, S., Padma Priya, K., Binu Priya, A.R. (Editors). 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report, 2002. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ii+30pp
URL (link) of redlist assessment or publication
http://www.nationalredlist.org/files/2012/08/Status-of-South-Asian-Chiroptera-2002.pdf
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, northern Myanmar, Pakistan, Southeast Asia; For detailed distribution information within South Asia, see Molur et al. 2002
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes; See Molur et al. 2002
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Forests
Threats listed in assessment
Human interference, tourism. The influence on the population well understood, not reversible and have not ceased to be a threat.
Publication
Molur, S., G. Marimuthu, C. Srinivasulu, S. Mistry, A.M. Hutson, P.J.J. Bates, S. Walker, K. Padma Priya and A.R. Binu Priya, editors. 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Assessment ID
94352
Taxon name
Pteropus giganteus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Pteropus giganteus
Common name(s)
Bengali-Champa Badur; English-Indian Flying Fox
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
chiroptera
Family
pteropodidae
Genus
Pteropus
Species
giganteus
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
A2acd
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Year assessed
2002
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Molur, S., Marimuthu, G., Srinivasulu, C., Mistry, S., Hutson, A.M., Bates, P.J.J., Walker, S., Padma Priya, K., Binu Priya, A.R. (Editors). 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report, 2002. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ii+30pp
URL (link) of redlist assessment or publication
http://www.nationalredlist.org/files/2012/08/Status-of-South-Asian-Chiroptera-2002.pdf
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka; For detailed distribution information within South Asia, see Molur et al. 2002
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes; See Molur et al. 2002
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Tropical, subtropical forest, agricultural areas, scrub
Threats listed in assessment
Exploitation, hunting, habitat loss. The influence on the population well understood, not reversible and have not ceased to be a threat.
Publication
Molur, S., G. Marimuthu, C. Srinivasulu, S. Mistry, A.M. Hutson, P.J.J. Bates, S. Walker, K. Padma Priya and A.R. Binu Priya, editors. 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Assessment ID
94327
Taxon name
Pipistrellus dormeri
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Pipistrellus dormeri
Common name(s)
Bengali- Dormerer Chamchika English- Dormer's Bat
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
mammalia
Order
chiroptera
Family
vespertilionidae
Genus
Pipistrellus
Species
dormeri
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
Bangladesh
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
Bangladesh
Country ISO code(s)
BGD
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Year assessed
2002
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
Molur, S., Marimuthu, G., Srinivasulu, C., Mistry, S., Hutson, A.M., Bates, P.J.J., Walker, S., Padma Priya, K., Binu Priya, A.R. (Editors). 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report, 2002. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ii+30pp
URL (link) of redlist assessment or publication
http://www.nationalredlist.org/files/2012/08/Status-of-South-Asian-Chiroptera-2002.pdf
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Endemic to South Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan); For detailed distribution information within South Asia, see Molur et al. 2002
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes; See Molur et al. 2002
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Near/within human habitation.
Threats listed in assessment
Chemical pesticides. The influence on the population well understood, not reversible and have not ceased to be a threat.
Publication
Molur, S., G. Marimuthu, C. Srinivasulu, S. Mistry, A.M. Hutson, P.J.J. Bates, S. Walker, K. Padma Priya and A.R. Binu Priya, editors. 2002. Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India.