This species inhabits bays and estuaries over grass beds and sandy areas (Relyea 1981). Juveniles form large shoals in midwater, while adults form smaller schools near the bottom (Randall 1995). The maximum total length is about 35 cm, commonly to 30 cm (Senou 2001).

This species inhabits coral reefs or bays, and is generally observed during the day in large schools on coastal reefs. On reefs of Kuwait, it is occasionally observed in small aggregations well above the bottom (Carpenter et al. 1997a). It can also occur in mangrove habitats (Burt et al. 2017). The maximum total length is 60 cm, commonly to 40 cm (Senou 2001).

This species occurs in shallow waters over hard substrata, including coral and rocky reefs (Woodland 1984, Randall 1995). Adults occur singly or in small groups, while juveniles have been observed in large numbers. The maximum total length is 30 cm (Sommer et al. 1996).

This speciesoccurs in large schools and is common near inshore reefs and open sand patches, sometimes in moderately turbid water (Smith-Vaniz 1984, Thomas et al. 2012). Itsdiet consists of shrimps, copepods, larvae of decapod crustaceans and small fishes (Smith-Vaniz 1984). Sexual maturity is reached between 17 and 18.9 cm (Smith-Vaniz 1984, Kasim 2003) and the maximum total length is 40 cm (Heemstra 1995). Spawning takes place in December and September with recruitment in June and March (Kasim 2003).

This pelagic species occurs mainly near the surface, over reefs and sometimes offshore (Berry 1969). It may form large schools and prey items include invertebrates and fish. The maximum size is 107 cm fork length, but is common to 80 cm (Smith-Vaniz 2002). Its depth range is 1-150 m (Lieske and Myers 1994). Spawning is thought to occur throughout the year in the Indo-Pacific and Western Atlantic (Okiyama 1970, Aprieto 1974, Yesaki 1979).

This speciesinhabits inshore and offshore rocky and coral reefs, as well as seagrass beds (McKay 1984, Gell and Whittington 2002). Its maximum total length is 30 cm (Psomadakis et al. 2015). This species has been observed on breakwaters and natural reefs in Dubai, with an apparent preference for natural reef (Burt et al. 2009, 2013). In Abu Dhabi, the maximum age is 14 years, and the mean age and size at sexual maturity was 1.8 years and 24.8 cm for males and 2.1 years and 26 cm for females (Grandcourt et al. 2011). When applying an age at first reproduction of 2 years and longevity of 14 years, its estimated generation length is 8 years based on the following equation recommended by the IUCN Red List methods: Age at first reproduction + (Age at last reproduction -“ age at first reproduction)/2.

This species is most commonly found in surf zones around rocky and coral reefs as well as in seagrass beds, and occasionally in rivers and estuaries (Roux 1986, Lieske and Myers 1994, Gell and Whittington 2002). Juveniles are found in tide pools (Smith and McKay 1986). This species is nocturnal and feeds on zooplankton and small fish (Dorenbosch et al. 2005). The maximum total length is 90 cm (McKay 2001).

This reef-associated species inhabits very shallow coastal habitats, often forming large schools near freshwater run-offs (Kuiter and Tonozuka 2001). Adults inhabit coral reefs, while juveniles frequent inshore areas over sand, silt or coral rubble bottoms, occasionally in mangrove-lined streams and estuaries (Fischer et al. 1990). Its maximum total length is 35 cm (Allen 1985). Off Abu Dhabi, its mean age and size at sexual maturity is 1.7 years and 19.9 cm for males and 1.8 years and 20.4 cm for females and it has been aged up to 11 years (Grandcourt et al. 2011). When applying an age at first reproduction of 2 years and longevity of 11 years, its estimated generation length is 6.5 years based on the following equation recommended by the IUCN Red List methods: Age at first reproduction + (Age at last reproduction -“ age at first reproduction)/2.

This schooling species inhabits coral and rocky reefs, including open ocean reefs. Its maximum total length is 80 cm, but is more common to 30 cm (Sommer et al. 1996, Psomadakis et al. 2015).

This deepwater, demersal species inhabits tropical and sub-tropical waters (Allen 1985). It schools in areas of hard, rocky and uneven sea floor near steep drop-offs (Parrish 1987). It consumes fishes, shrimps, crabs, lobsters, stomatopods, squids, gastropods and urochordates (Allen 1985). Its maximum total length is 90 cm (Anderson 1986). The maximum age is about 18.2 years, the age at maturity is 3.2 years, the reproductive lifespan is estimated at 15 years, and the natural mortality is 0.35 (Martinez-Andrade 2003). The maximum age from Australia is 30 years at 81 cm total length and age at 50% maturity is 8 years at 55 cm total length (Flood et al. 2014). When applying an age at first reproduction of 8 years and longevity of 30 years, its estimated generation length is 19 years based on the following equation recommended by the IUCN Red List methods: Age at first reproduction + (Age at last reproduction -“ age at first reproduction)/2.