Assessment ID
330090
Taxon name
Pagellus affinis
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330089
Taxon name
Rhabdosargus sarba
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Rhabdosargus sarba
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
actinopterygii
Order
perciformes
Family
sparidae
Genus
Rhabdosargus
Species
sarba
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
A number of synonyms have been previously used for Rhabdosargus sarba, including Sparus sarba, Austrosparus sarba, Chrysophrys sarba, etc. (Smith and Smith 1986). In Australia, Whitley (1931) described Roughleyia (=Rhabdosargus) tarwhine to distinguish the eastern Australian species from the east African species. Then Munro (1949) reviewed the genus in Australia and confirmed the name Rhabdosargus sarba for the west and east Indian, and west Pacific Ocean populations. Whitley (1964) persisted with the subspecies status as Rhabdosargus sarba tarwhine for the Australian population, but this was not followed by others. The taxonomy of the Rhabdosargus sarba complex is currently under review by Yukio Iwatsuki, (Miyazaki University, Japan). Rhabdosargus sarba might be confused with R. haffara. Taxonomic review is urgently needed (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2013).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
A2bcd+4bcd
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This coastal species occurs throughout UAE waters. It is targeted by commercial fisheries along with the congener Rhabdosargus haffara, and due to similarities in appearance, landings are lumped throughout the Arabian Gulf region. It may be rare in comparison to R. haffara, but further taxonomic study is needed. The stock is considered overexploited in Abu Dhabi according to assessments conducted in 2011 and 2018. Catch in Abu Dhabi declined by 88% over the past 11 years. Its population status in neighboring areas is not well-understood, but the species is also heavily exploited elsewhere, and declining landings have also been recorded in other countries within the region. Based on stock assessments and catch data, it is inferred that this species has undergone a decline of at least 50% and possibly more over the past two generation lengths, or 15 years. With recent fisheries management measures implemented in Abu Dhabi, it is difficult to say whether fishing effort will continue to increase or decrease within the near future; however, effort in this fishery in surrounding Emirates where management measures are not stringent may increase or remain the same. Considering that other Emirates and surrounding countries that likely share this stock do not have management measures in place to reduce effort in the gargoor fishery, population declines are expected to continue. In addition, degradation of estuarine habitats is ongoing in the UAE and Arabian Gulf region. It is listed as Endangered A2bcd+A4bcd.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species occurs throughout UAE waters. In the Arabian Gulf, it appears to be restricted to the southern portion. Globally, it is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific (Heemstra and Heemstra 2004).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This coastal speciescan enter estuaries, but is common in shallow water and often at the surf-line or in rock pools (Frimodt 1995, Sommer et al. 1996, Allen et al. 2002). Larger, solitary individuals occasionally enter brackish mangrove areas. Juveniles in estuaries move into deeper water with growth (Bauchot and Skelton 1986). It is often observed in schools (Lieske and Myers 1994). It primarily consumes benthic invertebrates, mainly mollusks and aquatic macrophytes (Blaber 1984, Fischer et al. 1990). The maximum total length is 80 cm (Torres 1991). The maximum age in the UAE is 12 years and the mean length and age at first sexual maturity is 24.6 cm total length and 2.95 years (Farrag et al. 2017). When applying an age at first reproduction of 2.95 years and longevity of 12 years, its estimated generation length is 7.5 years based on the following equation recommended by the IUCN Red List methods: Age at first reproduction + (Age at last reproduction -“ age at first reproduction)/2.
Threats listed in assessment
Overfishing is a major threat to this species in the UAE (Grandcourt et al. 2011). Coastal development in the UAE and Arabian Gulf region, which includes degradation of estuaries, may also impact this species.
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330088
Taxon name
Acanthopagrus randalli
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Acanthopagrus randalli
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
actinopterygii
Order
perciformes
Family
sparidae
Genus
Acanthopagrus
Species
randalli
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Acanthopagrus randalli, a new sparid species, is described on the basis of two specimens, collected from Bahrain and Kuwait in the Arabian Gulf, respectively (Iwatsuki and Carpenter 2009).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This coastal species is known from only two type specimens collected from fish markets of Kuwait and Bahrain. It is not yet confirmed from UAE waters, but possibly occurs there; therefore, it is listed as Data Deficient.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species has not yet been recorded in the UAE, but may occur on the Arabian Gulf coast. On the global-level, it was originally thought to be endemic to the Arabian Gulf (Iwatsuki and Carpenter 2009) until a photograph from western Pakistan indicated it may occur elsewhere (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2013).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Sub-adults of this species likely utilize shallow coastal waters that are impacted by the volume of freshwater inflow (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2013). The maximum standard length is 32.2 cm (Iwatsuki and Carpenter 2009), however, the maximum size is probably around 50 cm total length (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2013).
Threats listed in assessment
Threats to this species in the UAE are poorly understood.
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330087
Taxon name
Sparidentex hasta
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Sparidentex hasta
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
actinopterygii
Order
perciformes
Family
sparidae
Genus
Sparidentex
Species
hasta
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This coastal species occurs throughout UAE waters. It is taken in commercial fisheries in the UAE and surrounding areas of the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman. Landings in Abu Dhabi declined in the late 2000s, but updated data are needed to discern trends since 2011. Based on the uncertainty regarding the population trend of this exploited species, it is listed as Data Deficient. Studies are needed to estimate life history parameters (age at sexual maturity and longevity) to calculate generation length. Improvements in fisheries management is also needed.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it is restricted to the western Indian Ocean where it occurs from the Arabian Gulf to India (Bauchot and Smith 1984).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species occurs in shallow coastal waters to moderate depths over reefs and adjacent habitats, as well as estuaries and the lower reaches of rivers (Bauchot and Smith 1984, Randall 1995, Kamrani et al. 2016). It is a protandrous hermaphrodite. At one year of age, 90% of the population are male with running milt, while the other 10% are immature, but the age at which sex change occurs is not known (Kime et al. 1991). The maximum total length is 50 cm (Randall 1995).
Threats listed in assessment
Overfishing is a potential major threat to this species in the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman region, which includes the UAE. Corals in the UAE and Arabian Gulf have severely declined due to the increasing frequency of mass bleaching events caused by rising water temperatures, which is a consequence of climate change, as well as pervasive coastal development (Riegl et al. 2018, Burt et al. 2019).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330086
Taxon name
Rhabdosargus haffara
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Rhabdosargus haffara
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
actinopterygii
Order
perciformes
Family
sparidae
Genus
Rhabdosargus
Species
haffara
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
The type locality of this species is in the Red Sea. The Red Sea specimen is significantly genetically different from the Arabian Gulf specimens. Further study is needed to clarify the taxonomic status of this species (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2013).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This coastal species occurs throughout UAE waters. It is targeted by commercial fisheries along with its congener Rhabdosargus sarba, and due to similarities in appearance, landings are lumped throughout the Arabian Gulf region. The stock of R. sarba is considered overexploited in Abu Dhabi, and declining landings have also been recorded in other countries within the region. Based on the uncertainty regarding the population trend of this exploited species, it is listed as Data Deficient in UAE waters. Improvements in fisheries management are needed.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it has a disjunct distribution, with one subpopulation restricted to the Red Sea, and the other restricted to the southern Arabian Gulf from Bahrain to the United Arab Emirates to the Omani coast along the Sea of Oman (Bauchot and Smith 1984, Randall 1995).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species inhabits shallow waters, mainly around coral reefs, as well as on sandy or mud-sandy bottoms (Bauchot and Smith 1984). It primarily consumes molluscs, and to a lesser extent, crustaceans. The maximum total length is 35 cm (Sommer et al. 1996). In the Arabian Gulf, the maximum recorded age of Rhabdosargus sarbais 8 years (El-Agamy 1989). The mean age and size at sexual maturity off Abu Dhabi is 2 years and 23.5 cm for males and 2.1 years and 23.7 cm for females (Grandcourt et al. 2011). When applying an age at first reproduction of 2 years and longevity of 8 years, its estimated generation length is 5 years based on the following equation recommended by the IUCN Red List methods: Age at first reproduction + (Age at last reproduction -“ age at first reproduction)/2.
Threats listed in assessment
Overfishing is a major threat to this species in the UAE (Grandcourt et al. 2011). Corals in the UAE and Arabian Gulf have severely declined due to the increasing frequency of mass bleaching events caused by rising water temperatures, which is a consequence of climate change, as well as pervasive coastal development (Riegl et al. 2018, Burt et al. 2019).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330079
Taxon name
Gerres oyena
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Gerres oyena
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
actinopterygii
Order
perciformes
Family
gerreidae
Genus
Gerres
Species
oyena
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This demersal, inshore species is common and abundant throughout UAE waters. Fishing activity is not known to be causing population declines at this time. There are no known major threats; therefore, it is listed as Least Concern in the UAE.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it is widespread in the Indo-West Pacific (Randall et al. 1997, Iwatsuki et al. 1999, Kapoor et al. 2002, Rajan et al. 2011, Allen and Erdmann 2012). The depth range is 1 to 30 m (Randall 1995, Woodland 2001).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This speciesinhabits inshore areas on silty-sand and mud bottoms down along the coast in saltwater lagoons and estuaries (Iwatsuki et al. 1999, Woodland 2001, Allen and Erdmann 2012). It also occurs in soft-bottom habitats in reef areas, and utilizes estuaries with turtle grasses and mangroves as nursery areas (Yeeting 1990). It occurs singly or in groups and feeds on small, benthic invertebrates (Lieske and Myers 1994, Woodland 2001). It migrates to coastal areas or oceanside inshore areas to spawn (Kanak and Tachihara 2006). Females and males reach sexual maturity around 10.4 and 9.2 cm standard length, respectively, and longevity is at least 8 years (Kanak and Tachihara 2008). The maximum length is 40 cm (Yeeting 1990).
Threats listed in assessment
Fishing activity is not known to be driving declines in the UAE at this time. Anthropogenic modification of estuarine habitats, which is pervasive in the Arabian Gulf region, may impact this species. Corals in the UAE and Arabian Gulf have severely declined due to the increasing frequency of mass bleaching events caused by rising water temperatures, which is a consequence of climate change, as well as pervasive coastal development (Riegl et al. 2018, Burt et al. 2019).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330017
Taxon name
Pateobatis jenkinsii
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Pateobatis jenkinsii
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
chondrichthyes
Order
myliobatiformes
Family
dasyatidae
Genus
Pateobatis
Species
jenkinsii
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Last et al. (2016) described the genus Pateobatis, consisting of five medium-size to very large, marine whiprays previously placed in Himantura (including jenkinsii).This species has probably been misidentified as Himantura (=Pateobatis) fai in the literature (W. White pers. obs). More specimens of both this species and of H. draco from South Africa need to be examined to resolve the taxonomic status of this species. Presently, H. draco is considered a synonym of P. jenkinsii. The South African species had dark spots along the posterior margin of the disc, but this form has also been reported from the Arafura Sea and off Sumatra in Indonesia. It is possible that these may in fact be colour forms of the same species. Examples of specimens with dark spots along the posterior margin of the disc are from the Arafura Sea, Sumatra (Last and Stevens 1994, Fahmi pers. obs. 2007), and from western Sri Lanka (Morón et al. 1998, Manjaji 2004), and the Sulu Sea (B.M. Manjaji-Matsumoto pers. obs. 2002).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Near Threatened
Abbreviated status
NT
Qualifying criteria (if given)
A2cd
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
The Jenkins' Whipray occurs throughout UAE inshore waters. It is very poorly known in the Arabian Sea region due to confusion with Pateobatis fai (the Pink Whipray) and results from a recent taxonomic revision. It is presumably taken incidentally in net and longline fisheries, and fishing pressure is intense and increasing in the Arabian Sea region, particularly in India and Pakistan. Whiprays are generally discarded as bycatch in the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman. Though data specifically from the UAE are not available, and it is not known how individuals occupying the UAE are connected with the broader population of the Arabian Seas region, there is no information available to suggest that its population status differs in the UAE as compared to other parts of its range in the region. Given the threats faced by this species in other parts of the Arabian Seas region, and ongoing threats from discarding and habitat loss in the UAE, it is inferred that declines reported in the Arabian Seas are representative of the status in the UAE. Based on recorded levels of exploitation and decline in habitat quality, it is suspected to have declined by 20-30% over the past three generation lengths, or about 60 years. It is listed as Near Threatened, nearly meeting the thresholds for Vulnerable A2cd.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Jenkins' Whipray occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it is widespread but patchy in the Indo-West Pacific. Its distribution is not well defined due to recent taxonomic changes and the re-identification of stingrays (Dasyatidae) from the region (Last et al. 2016). Records from Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka need confirmation. Further taxonomic revisions and surveys in the Arabian Sea region are required to determine its distribution.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is an inshore ray, usually found on sandy bottoms down to at least 90 m deep (Manjaji 2004, White et al. 2006, Last et al. 2016). It attains a maximum size of at least 150 cm disc width (DW) (~300 cm total length) (White et al. 2006, Last et al. 2016). Males mature at about 75-85 cm DW and size at birth is around 23 cm DW (White and Dharmadi 2007). Reproduction is viviparous with histotrophy (White et al. 2006). As there is no information on this species' maximum age and age at maturity, generation length was inferred as ~20 years based on data for Blackspotted Whipray (Maculabatis astra) (Jacobsen and Bennett 2011). However, it is noted that the Blackspotted Whipray grows to a much smaller maximum size (80 cm DW) than Jenkins' Whipray (150 cm DW).
Threats listed in assessment
Information pertaining to threats specific to the UAE are unavailable. This species is impacted by bycatch fisheries that are active elsewhere in its range. Marine habitats in the Gulf are experiencing high levels of disturbance and quickly deteriorating due to major impacts from development activities (including dredging and reclamation), desalination plants, industrial activities, habitat destruction through the removal of shallow productive areas and major shipping lanes (Sheppard et al. 2010).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330016
Taxon name
Alopias superciliosus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Alopias superciliosus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
chondrichthyes
Order
lamniformes
Family
alopiidae
Genus
Alopias
Species
superciliosus
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
A2bd
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
In UAE waters, the Bigeye Thresher Shark occurs only in the Sea of Oman. Little specific data are available for this species in the UAE. It is apparently highly migratory, and has slow life history characteristics including low fecundity and a low annual rate of population increase. Considering this, the species has a low capacity to recover from even moderate levels of exploitation. It is especially susceptible to exploitation (target and bycatch) in many largely unregulated and under-reported gillnet and longline fisheries that operate within its range outside and surrounding UAE waters. Some management measures are now in place in the Arabian Sea region (i.e. through the IOTC), although domestic fisheries are likely to continue. A total ban of fishing for this species has been in place in UAE waters since 2019. Though data specifically from the UAE are not available, individuals in the UAE are a component of a larger, interconnected and migratory population that occurs broadly in the north-western Indian Ocean. It is inferred that declines reported in the Arabian Sea region are representative of its status in the UAE. This species faces intense fishing pressures throughout the Arabian Sea. Based on fisheries data and recorded levels of exploitation, it is suspected to have declined by at least 50% over the past three generation lengths, or about 57 years. It is listed as Endangered A2bd.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Bigeye Thresher Shark occurs in UAE waters on the Sea of Oman coast to the Strait of Hormuz. It is likely excluded from the Arabian Gulf (Compagno 2001, Owfi et al. 2016). An Alopias species was reported by a diver at an offshore wreck in Dubai. An archaeological study found four caudal vertebrae belonging to thresher shark species in Abu Dhabi (Beech 2004). Globally, it is wide-ranging in the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The Bigeye Thresher Shark is found in coastal waters over continental shelves, sometimes in shallow inshore waters, and on the high seas in the epipelagic and mesopelagic zones far offshore; it is also caught near the bottom in deep water on continental slopes (Compagno 2001). It occurs mostly shallower than 100 m, but has been recorded to 995 m (Compagno 2001, Coelho et al. 2015). It attains a maximum recorded size of 484 cm total length (TL) (Compagno 2001). Males are reported to mature at 245-300 cm TL while females mature between 282-355 cm TL (Chen et al. 1997, Liu et al. 1998, Moreno and Moron 1992, Stillwelli and Casey 1976, Varghese et al. 2017). Size at birth ranges from 64-140 cm TL (Golani 1996, Chen et al. 1997, Bauchot 1987). The gestation period is 12 months with average litter sizes 2-4 pups/litter, usually two (Compagno 2001, Varghese et al. 2017). Of the thresher sharks, the Bigeye Thresher has the lowest rate of annual increase, estimated at 1.6% under sustainable exploitation (Smith et al. 2008), or 0.002-0.009 (Cortés 2008, Dulvy et al. 2008). Estimated age at maturity is years 12-13 for females, and 9-10 years for males (Liu et al. 1998) (data from Taiwan waters, Northwest Pacific). Longevity is estimated at 20 years for females (19 years for males) (Liu et al.1998). Generation is estimated at 18.5 years based on studies from the east China Sea (Chen and Yuan 2006).
Threats listed in assessment
Information pertaining to threats specific to the UAE are unavailable. Thresher sharks are impacted by target (for fins and their valuable meat) and bycatch fisheries throughout their range. Finning and discarding of carcasses has also been reported, especially in offshore and high seas fisheries (Anderson and Simpfendorfer 2005, IOTC 2006). Hooking mortality is apparently very high, between 60-70% of fish caught are dead on haulback (Coehlo et al. 2011, IOTC 2016). The Bigeye Thresher Shark has the lowest intrinsic rebound potential and least resistance to fisheries of the genus (Chen et al. 1997).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330015
Taxon name
Chaenogaleus macrostoma
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Chaenogaleus macrostoma
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
chondrichthyes
Order
carcharhiniformes
Family
hemigaleidae
Genus
Chaenogaleus
Species
macrostoma
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Vulnerable
Abbreviated status
VU
Qualifying criteria (if given)
A2cd
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
The Hooktooth Shark occurs throughout UAE coastal waters, and may be uncommon there. Although there are limited data on its status, other shark species in the Arabian Gulf have undergone significant declines due to exploitation. It is caught in gill net, line and trawl fisheries in the Arabian Sea region, although it is never abundant. It is especially susceptible to exploitation (target and bycatch) in many largely unregulated gill net, longline and trawl fisheries that operate within its range outside and surrounding UAE waters. Some management measures are now in place in the Arabian Sea region, although domestic fisheries are likely to continue. Though data specifically from the UAE are not available, individuals in the UAE are a component of a larger, interconnected and migratory population that occurs broadly in the north-western Indian Ocean. It is inferred that declines reported in the Arabian Sea region are representative of its status in the UAE. Based on recorded levels of exploitation and decline in habitat quality, it is suspected to have declined by 30-50% over the past three generation lengths, or about 24 years. It is listed as Vulnerable A2cd.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Hooktooth Shark occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it is wide-ranging but patchily distributed in the Indo-West Pacific.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The Hooktooth Shark is found inshore on continental and insular shelves to depths of at least 160 m (Weigmann 2016). This species grows to a maximum size of around 93 cm total length (TL) with males maturing at around 72 cm TL and females at least 83 cm TL (Moore et al. 2012, Moore and Pierce 2013, Jabado et al. 2016). It is thought to be a viviparous species giving birth to four young per litter with pups born at ~20 cm TL. Henderson et al. (2004) provided preliminary ageing data that suggested the maximum age was 11 years and maturity at 5 or 6 years. This suggests a generation length of 8 years.
Threats listed in assessment
In the UAE, sharks have been impacted by targeted commercial fisheries until 2014 when a ban on export of sharks was imposed (Ministry of Climate Change and Environment). Sharks continue to be impacted by artisanal and bycatch fisheries (Annual Fisheries Statistical Report for Abu Dhabi Emirate 2001-2018), though catch data are not species-specific. This species is impacted by bycatch fisheries that are active elsewhere in its range. Marine habitats in the Gulf are experiencing high levels of disturbance and quickly deteriorating due to major impacts from development activities (including dredging and reclamation), desalination plants, industrial activities, habitat destruction through the removal of shallow productive areas and major shipping lanes (Sheppard et al. 2010).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330014
Taxon name
Pateobatis fai
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Pateobatis fai
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
chondrichthyes
Order
myliobatiformes
Family
dasyatidae
Genus
Pateobatis
Species
fai
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Last et al. (2016) described the genus Pateobatis, consisting of five medium-size to very large, marine whiprays previously placed in Himantura (including fai). This species is frequently misidentified as Himantura (=Pateobatis) jenkinsii.
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Near Threatened
Abbreviated status
NT
Qualifying criteria (if given)
A2cd
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
The Pink Whipray occurs throughout UAE inshore waters, and is is apparently uncommon in the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman area. This species is incidentally captured in inshore fisheries and mostly discarded in UAE waters. This species is not targeted or valued in markets of the UAE, trawling has been banned there since 1980, and recently conducted surveys have detected it in the area. In India, it is under extremely intense and increasing demersal fishing pressure. Though data specifically from the UAE are not available, and it is not known how individuals occupying the UAE are connected with the broader population of the Arabian Seas region, but there is no information available to suggest that its population status differs in the UAE, compared to other parts of its range in the region. Given the threats faced by this species in other parts of the Arabian Seas region, and ongoing threats from discarding and habitat loss in the UAE, it is inferred that declines reported in the Arabian Seas are representative of the status in the UAE. Based on recorded levels of exploitation and decline in habitat quality, it is suspected to have declined by 20-30% over the past three generation lengths, or about 60 years. It is listed as Near Threatened, nearly meeting the thresholds for Vulnerable A2cd.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Pink Whipray occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it is widespread in the Indo-West and Central Pacific (Kuiter and Debelius 1994, Anderson and Hafiz 1997, Golani and Bogorodsky 2010).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The Pink Whipray is found on soft sandy bottoms and coral rubble on the inner continental shelf from the intertidal zone to 70 m depth (Last et al. 2016). The species attains a maximum size of at least 146 cm DW (disc width) with males maturing at around 112 cm disc width (DW) (Last et al. 2016). Size at maturity for females is unknown, but reproduction is viviparous with histotrophy (White et al. 2006). Little else is known of its biology. As there is no information on this species' maximum age and age at maturity, generation length was inferred as ~20 years based on data for Blackspotted Whipray (Maculabatis astra) (Jacobsen and Bennett 2011). However, it is noted that the Blackspotted Whipray grows to a much smaller maximum size (80 cm DW) than the Pink Whipray (146 cm DW).
Threats listed in assessment
Information pertaining to threats specific to the UAE are unavailable. This species is impacted by bycatch fisheries that are active elsewhere in its range. Marine habitats in the Gulf are experiencing high levels of disturbance and quickly deteriorating due to major impacts from development activities (including dredging and reclamation), desalination plants, industrial activities, habitat destruction through the removal of shallow productive areas and major shipping lanes (Sheppard et al. 2010).
Publication
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.