The Pelagic Thresher is epipelagic and mesopelagic from the surface to 300 m depth (Weigmann 2016). It attains a maximum size of 365 cm total length (TL). In the Arabian Sea, males are reported to mature at 245-270 cm TL while females mature between 268-286 cm TL (Varghese et al. 2017). The species is lecithotrophic viviparous with oophagy, and a litter size of only two very large (158-190 cm TL) pups. Age at maturity near Taiwan is estimated as 8-9.2 years in females and 7-8 years in males (Liu et al. 1999). Its potential annual rate of population increase under sustainable fishing is thought to be very low and has been estimated at 2-4% (Smith et al. 1998), or 0.033 (Dulvy et al. 2008), compared with the Common Thresher, which is between 4 and 7% (Smith et al. 1998) or 0.254 (Dulvy et al. 2008). Generation length is estimated at 18.6 years (Drew et al. 2015).

The Whitespotted Whipray occurs inshore on soft substrates to depths of at least 60 m (Last et al. 2016). This species attains a maximum size of 116 cm disc width (DW). Males are reported to mature at 48-58 cm DW, with females maturing at 63 cm DW. Litter size is reported as 2-4 pups with size at birth at 13-21 cm DW (Last et al. 2016). As there is no information on this species' maximum age and age at maturity, generation length was inferred as ~20 years based on data for Blackspotted Whipray (Maculabatis astra) (Jacobsen and Bennett 2011). However, it is noted that the Blackspotted Whipray grows to a smaller maximum size (80 cm DW) than the Whitespotted Whipray (116 cm DW).

The Bignose Shark occurs mainly on the edge of continental shelves in waters to 800 m deep, but is more common between 80 and 220 m with occasional captures in shallow water (Tester 1969). Individuals have been caught at night near the surface over deep water in the Maldives (Anderson and Ahmed 1993) and this species is thought to display diurnal vertical migrations (Anderson and Stevens 1996). It attains a maximum size of 282 cm total length (TL) with an average reproductive age of ~21 years (Compagno 1984, Kohler et al. 1995, Jensen et al. 1996). Males reach maturity at 216 cm TL and females at 226 cm TL. Females are reported to give birth to 1-13 pups per litter with size at birth around 70-90 cm TL.

The Silvertip Shark occurs on the continental shelf, offshore islands, coral reefs, and offshore banks, from surface waters to depths of 600-800 m (Compagno et al. 2005). It is also found inside lagoons, near drop-offs, and offshore (Compagno et al. 2005). The species appears to be relatively site-specific for long periods with limited dispersion, particularly at remote and isolated coral reef habitats around tropical islands or atolls (Barnett et al. 2012, Espinoza et al. 2015). On the continental shelf, larger individuals of the species tend to be more mobile and use larger areas than other common reef shark species (Barnett et al. 2012, Espinoza et al. 2015). The Silvertip Shark also exhibits strong diel behaviour, moving closer to coral reefs and using shallower habitats at night.This species reaches a maximum size of 300 cm total length (TL) (Compagno et al. 2005). Males are reported to mature at 160-180 cm TL and females at 160-199 cm TL (Compagno et al. 2005). White et al. (2006) report that males mature at 190-200 cm TL and females at ~195 cm TL. Reproduction is viviparous, with a yolk sac placenta (Compagno et al. 2005, White et al. 2006, White 2007). In a study conducted in Papua New Guinea, males matured at 175 cm TL and 10.5 years, while females matured at 209 cm TL and 14.8 years, and longevity was estimated as 18-32 years for females (Smart et al. 2017). Females give birth to 1-11 pups per litter (average six) biennially, after a 12 month gestation period (Compagno et al. 2005, White et al. 2006, Last and Stevens 2009). Size at birth is reported at 60-68 cm TL (Compagno et al. 2005) and 73-81 cm TL (White et al. 2006). Young are found in shallow water closer to shore, whereas adults are more wide-ranging (Compagno et al. 2005). Growth appears to be fairly slow at about 9 cm per year for juveniles (Last and Stevens 2009). No estimate of generation length is available for the species, although it can be inferred from its congener, the Pigeye Shark (C. amboinensis), which has a similar maximum size and an estimated generation length of 21.5 years (Tillett et al. 2011). When applying an age at first reproduction of 15 years and longevity of 18-32 years, its estimated generation length is 16.5-23.5 years based on the following equation recommended by the IUCN Red List methods: Age at first reproduction + (Age at last reproduction -“ age at first reproduction)/2.

The Slender Weasel Shark is found inshore in shallow waters of the continental shelf to depths of 18 m (Compagno et al. 1996, Weigmann 2016). It reaches a maximum size of at least 85 cm with males reaching maturity at around 65 cm TL (Moore et al. 2012, Moore and Pierce 2013, Jabado et al. 2016). It is a viviparous species, giving birth to two pups per litter which are born at 35-40 cm TL. No age and growth data are available and generation length is estimated as 8 years based on data for the Hooktooth Shark (Chaenogaleus macrostoma) (Henderson et al. 2004).

The Bigeye Houndshark is most commonly found on continental shelves and slopes at depths from 110-1,000 m and possibly as deep as 2,195 m in the Red Sea. In the Gulf of Aqaba, males apparently inhabit deeper waters, whereas females prefer shallower waters (300 m) (Baranes 2005). The species attains a maximum size of 84 cm total length (TL) (Henderson and Reeve 2014) with females reaching maturity at ~40 cm TL and males at 31-32 cm TL. Reproduction is viviparous with yolk-sac placenta and gestation lasts for 10-12 months with two to six pups are produced per litter (Baranes 2007). Size at birth is at ~14 cm TL (Baranes 2007, Henderson and Reeve 2014). Preliminary ageing data indicates males live to 7 years and females to 9 years (Henderson et al. 2004) suggesting a generation length of 5.5 years.

This is a bottom dwelling shark found inshore and offshore at depths of 0-250 m, sometimes in association with coral reefs (Compagno 1984). The species is reported to reach a maximum size of 150 cm total length (TL) but is rarely seen above 100 cm TL (Jabado et al. 2016, Moore et al. 2016). Males mature at 65-78 cm TL and females mature from about 73 cm TL. Reproduction is viviparous, and the species gives birth to 2-16 pups per litter (Moore et al. 2016). Size at birth is reported as 26-28 cm TL (Bass 1986). No ageing data is available. Generation length is estimated as 10 years based on the Narrownose Smoothhound (Mustelus schmitti) from Brazil which has a similar distribution and maximum size.

Very little information is currently available on the habitat or biology of this guitarfish. It occurs from close inshore out to about 90 m deep and presumably occurs over soft substrates. Maximum total length is reported at approximately 87 cm (R.W. Jabado pers. obs.). Maturity for males is about 50-68 cm TL and for females it is around 60 cm TL (Raje 2006, Henderson et al. 2004, Last et al. 2016). Size at birth is about 19-20 cm TL. Fecundity is up to 3-20 pups (M. Khan pers. comm. 08/02/2016, Raje 2006) although females dissected from landings in Oman had between 3-5 pups (Henderson et al. 2004). Most pregnant and post-partum females in Indian and Pakistan waters occur in September and October (M. Khan pers. comm. 08/02/2016, Raje 2006) and in the summer and winter in Oman (Henderson et al. 2004). Generation length is inferred to be 5 years from the Lesser Guitarfish (Acroteriobatus annulatus) from southern Africa (Compagno et al. 1989).

This species inhabits the inshore continental shelf to depths of 70 m on soft substrates (Weigmann 2016). Reproduction is viviparous and the species reaches at least 90 cm total length (TL) (Weigmann 2016). Maximum litter size is up to at least seven and size at birth is ~25 cm TL (A.C. Henderson unpubl. data). Data from Oman indicates that females taken during autumn off Muscat were all mature at less than 77 cm TL while males matured at less than 71 cm TL (Henderson et al. 2004). Generation length is inferred to be 5 years from the Lesser Guitarfish (Acroteriobatus annulatus) from southern Africa (Compagno et al. 1989).

The Shortfin Devil Ray is an uncommon inshore, primarily shelf pelagic species found in continental coastal areas but not extending into the epipelagic zone (Compagno and Last 1999). This species reaches a maximum size of about 119 cm disc width (DW) (White et al. 2006b). Males mature at 103-“119 cm (DW) (White et al. 2006b, Notarbartolo di Sciara et al. 2017) and size at birth is around 31 cm DW (Compagno and Last 1999). As with all Myliobatiformes, the reproductive mode of M. kuhlii is livebearing and histotrophic, with embryonic nutrition supplied from a protein- and lipid-rich histotroph from highly developed trophonemata. A single, relatively large pup is produced per litter (Compagno and Last 1999, White et al. 2006b). Intrinsically, Manta and Mobula rays have among the lowest productivity of any chondrichthyan (Pardo et al. 2016). Long resting periods may account for extended reproductive cycles in mobulid species. As there are not enough data to estimate an exact generation length for this species, an approximate, suspected generation length is used. A midway point of 7.5 years between a very conservative low of five years, and the larger Spinetail Devil Ray's 10-year generation length is suspected to be the approximate generation length for the Shortfin Devil Ray until more accurate information becomes available (Cuevas-Zimbron et al. 2013).