Assessment ID
330517
Taxon name
Charadrius dubius
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Publication
Burfield, I.J., Westrip, J., Sheldon, R.D., Hermes, C., Wheatley, H., Smith, D., Harding, K.A. Allen, D.J. and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Birds. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Assessment ID
330516
Taxon name
Charadrius hiaticula
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Charadrius hiaticula
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Birds
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
aves
Order
charadriiformes
Family
charadriidae
Genus
Charadrius
Species
hiaticula
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Near Threatened
Abbreviated status
NT
Qualifying criteria (if given)
D1
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This species has a very small non-breeding population in the UAE, which qualifies it for listing as Vulnerable. On a global scale, the species is in slight decline however still Least Concern. Therefore, the species is downlisted by one category to Near Threatened (D1) at the national level.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The majority of occurrences of this species in the UAE are likely to be of wintering birds and migrant individuals on passage to and from the breeding grounds (Pedersen et al. 2017). The species is very common between mid-August and October along the coast (Richardson 1990, Pedersen et al. 2017). Some individuals stay in the country over summer, though they do not breed (Pedersen et al. 2017).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species occurs along coastal creeks, in tidal mudflats and along sandy, muddy and stony shores (Richardson 1990, Aspinall and Porter 2011). During migration, is also found further inland in marshes and larger water bodies (Richardson 1990). There is no information available about its diet in the UAE; elsewhere, the diet consists of small crustaceans, molluscs, polycheate worms, isopods, amphipods, insects (e.g. ants, beetles, flies and fly larvae) and millipedes (del Hoyo et al. 1996). The species is gregarious and often roosts communally in flocks of several hundred individuals close to its feeding areas (Hayman et al. 1986, Urban et al. 1986, del Hoyo et al. 1996). The species is migratory. Individuals wintering in the UAE or further south breed between April and June in solitary pairs or loose colonies along the Arctic coast and in the tundra of northern Eurasia (del Hoyo et al. 1996).
Threats listed in assessment
The most relevant threats within UAE are changes in coastal land-use and the possibility of oil pollution, but the severity of these threats towards this species is unknown.Individuals of this species that visit UAE are also potentially threatened by a range of threats that operate outside of the country. Migratory stop-over habitats for this species may be threatened by petroleum pollution, wetland drainage for irrigation, land abandonment and changing land management practices leading to scrub overgrowth (Grishanov et al. 2006). The species is also susceptible to avian botulism, so may be impacted on by future outbreaks of the disease (Blaker 1967). Climate change is a potential future threat.
History
The population size in 1996 is thought to have been more or less the same as at present, with anthropogenic wetland habitats replacing those lost to development on the coast, so the species is also assessed as NT for 1996.
Publication
Burfield, I.J., Westrip, J., Sheldon, R.D., Hermes, C., Wheatley, H., Smith, D., Harding, K.A. Allen, D.J. and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Birds. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Assessment ID
330515
Taxon name
Pluvialis squatarola
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Pluvialis squatarola
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Birds
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
aves
Order
charadriiformes
Family
charadriidae
Genus
Pluvialis
Species
squatarola
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
The population overwintering in the UAE is moderately sized (1,000-2,000 mature individuals) and;the number of birds that overwinters in the country appears to be increasing. Therefore, the species is assessed as Least Concern.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is particularly numerous throughout the country during August to October on migration southward to the wintering grounds and, in lower numbers, in April on migration northward, as well as during winter along the coast (Richardson 1990, Pedersen et al. 2017). Some individuals stay over summer, but do not breed (Richardson 1990, Pedersen et al. 2017).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species frequents intertidal mudflats and saltmarshes along the coast (Richardson 1990, del Hoyo et al. 1996, Aspinall and Porter 2011). Particularly during migration, it is also found further inland at wetlands and freshwater margins like lakes and pools (Richardson 1990, del Hoyo et al. 1996, Aspinall and Porter 2011). There is no information available about its diet in the UAE; elsewhere, when on the coast in its wintering range, the species takes marine polychaete worms, molluscs and crustaceans, and occasionally insects or earthworms when in inland habitats on passage (Johnsgard 1981, del Hoyo et al. 1996).It is gregarious during winter, often roosting in large flocks containing up to several thousand individuals (del Hoyo et al. 1996). The species is fully migratory (del Hoyo et al. 1996). Individuals occurring in the UAE during passage and winter breed in central Siberia; part of the population travels further south to winter in southern Africa (Richardson 1990).
Threats listed in assessment
Changes in coastal land-use and the possibility of oil pollution could affect this species in UAE, but the severity of these threats towards this species is unknown. Outside the UAE, the species is potentially threatened by disturbance from recreational activities (Cutts et al. 2009), intertidal oyster culture (Gittings and O'Donoghue 2012) and urban and industrial development, which could have an impact on individuals that visit the UAE. Warmer temperatures brought about by climate change are thought to affect this species (Maclean;et al. 2008).
History
The species is also considered to have been Least Concern in 1996.
Publication
Burfield, I.J., Westrip, J., Sheldon, R.D., Hermes, C., Wheatley, H., Smith, D., Harding, K.A. Allen, D.J. and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Birds. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Assessment ID
330514
Taxon name
Pluvialis fulva
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Pluvialis fulva
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Birds
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
aves
Order
charadriiformes
Family
charadriidae
Genus
Pluvialis
Species
fulva
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Vulnerable
Abbreviated status
VU
Qualifying criteria (if given)
D1
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This species has a very small, increasing non-breeding population in the UAE, which qualifies it for listing as Endangered. On a global scale, the species is assessed as LC, and it is deemed likely that the wider breeding population could provide a significant rescue effect despite the global trend being a decrease. Therefore, the species's status has undergone an adjustment down to Vulnerable at the national level.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The majority of occurrences of this species within the UAE are likely to be of wintering birds and migrant individuals on passage to and from the breeding grounds (Pedersen et al. 2017). The species is locally common between late August and early May along the coast (Richardson 1990, Pedersen et al. 2017).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species inhabits open grassland, mudflats and cultivated fields along the coast (Richardson 1990, Aspinall and Porter 2011). There is no information available about its diet in the UAE; elsewhere, it feeds predominantly on insects, molluscs, worms, crustaceans and spiders (del Hoyo et al. 1996). The species is strongly migratory; birds wintering in the UAE or further south breed between April and August in the Arctic tundra of north-eastern Siberia (Richardson 1990).
Threats listed in assessment
Changes in coastal land-use and the possibility of oil pollution could affect this species in UAE, but the severity of these threats towards this species is unknown. Climate change is likely to have an effect on this species in the future.
History
While the population size is suspected to be increasing, counts from the mid to late 1990's suggest that the non-breeding population size still fell in the same range as used here (albeit probably at the lower end of the range). Therefore, the species is also assessed as VU for 1996.
Publication
Burfield, I.J., Westrip, J., Sheldon, R.D., Hermes, C., Wheatley, H., Smith, D., Harding, K.A. Allen, D.J. and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Birds. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Assessment ID
330513
Taxon name
Recurvirostra avosetta
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Recurvirostra avosetta
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Birds
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
aves
Order
charadriiformes
Family
recurvirostridae
Genus
Recurvirostra
Species
avosetta
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
D
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This species has a very small breeding population in the UAE, which might qualify it for listing as Critically Endangered. However, the population is increasing rapidly within the country and is stable in the wider Arabian Peninsula; thus, the potential for immigration from outside the UAE remains very high. Therefore, the species's status has undergone a regional adjustment down one category, classifying it as Endangered.The non-breeding population is also relatively small, and would qualify as Endangered, but it could also rescued by breeding populations from outside the country. Therefore overall, the non-breeding population would be listed as Vulnerable at the national level after a regional adjustment, if the breeding population were not to take precedence for the final Red List status.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is a resident in the area of the Al Wathba Wetland Reserve, where up to eight pairs have been breeding almost annually since 1996 (Pedersen et al. 2017). Moreover, it is an uncommon passage migrant and wintering bird between September and March, with occasional records in other months (Pedersen et al. 2017).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The breeding population is restricted to open, swampy habitats like shallow waste water sites with rich invertebrate life (Jennings 2010). During migration, the species occurs at any kind of wetland on the coast or further inland, while wintering birds are usually found at shallow, sheltered coastal waters like brackish lagoons (Jennings 2010). Densely vegetated wetlands are not suitable as habitat nor as a foraging site (Jennings 2010). There is no information available about its diet in the UAE or in Arabia; elsewhere it feeds on aquatic invertebrates like insects and larvae, but also worms, crustaceans and occasionally fish, which are taken by scything the bill through the water while walking forward (Jennings 2010). The breeding season lasts from April until July (Jennings 2010). The species nests colonially on small islands in low vegetation near shallow water (Jennings 2010, Aspinall and Porter 2011). The nest is usually a scrape, sometimes with a raised rim and lined with plant material, which may be positioned in a variety of sites including on bare sand and dried mud (Johnsgard 1981, del Hoyo et al. 1996, Jennings 2010). Clutches contain three to four, sometimes up to six eggs (Jennings 2010). The species is partly migratory. Individuals wintering in the UAE or passing through the country on migration breed in central Eurasia (Jennings 2010). It is unclear whether the breeding population in Arabia is resident or if it migrates southward after breeding, to be replaced by wintering migrants from northern breeding grounds (Jennings 2010).
Threats listed in assessment
The most relevant threats within UAE are changes in coastal land-use and the possibility of oil pollution, but the severity of these threats towards the species is unknown.Individuals of this species that visit UAE are threatened by a range of threats that operate outside of the country. For instance, the species is threatened in Europe by the pollution of wetlands with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), insecticides, selenium, lead and mercury (del Hoyo et al. 1996).;The species is susceptible to avian botulism (Blaker 1967, Hubalek et al. 2005) and avian influenza (Melville and Shortridge 2006) so may be threatened by future outbreaks of these diseases.
History
There were no breeding records in 1996, and so the genuine change to be looked at here is for the non-breeding population.Wintering (non-breeding) population in 1996 is thought to have been c. 200 individuals, qualifying as EN, downlisted to VU, the same category as the non-breeding population would receive now if the breeding population did not take precedence.
Publication
Burfield, I.J., Westrip, J., Sheldon, R.D., Hermes, C., Wheatley, H., Smith, D., Harding, K.A. Allen, D.J. and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Birds. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Assessment ID
330512
Taxon name
Haematopus ostralegus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Haematopus ostralegus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Birds
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
aves
Order
charadriiformes
Family
haematopodidae
Genus
Haematopus
Species
ostralegus
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Haematopus ostralegus;and;H. finschi;were previously lumped as;H. ostralegus;(del Hoyo and Collar 2014), but have once more been recognised as species following a review of additional material allowing the scoring of the taxa against each other and;H. longirostris,;H. chathamensis, and;H. unicolor;(G. Ehmke;in litt.;2015, Hayman;et al.;1986, Marchant and Higgins 1993). This restores the taxonomic position of the two species prior to del Hoyo and Collar (2014).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
The size of the population overwintering in the UAE is moderate and considered stable, and likely receives some rescue effect. Therefore, the species is assessed as Least Concern.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is locally common along the coast during migration and winter (Richardson 1990, Pedersen et al. 2017). Some individuals stay in the UAE over summer (Pedersen et al. 2017). The highest numbers are recorded between August and March (Richardson 1990).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is mainly coastal; it inhabits beaches, tidal creeks and lagoons, but is also found along lakes and rivers further inland (Richardson 1990, Aspinall and Porter 2011). There is no information available about its diet in the UAE; elsewhere, when foraging on soft intertidal substrates, bivalves and gastropods are the most important food items for this species, and when inland, prey such as earthworms and insect larvae are also taken (del Hoyo et al. 1996). The species is migratory. Individuals wintering in the UAE breed between April and July mostly in central Asia.
Threats listed in assessment
Within the UAE, the most pressing threats to this species are likely to come from coastal land-use changes and potentially from oil pollution, but the severity of these threats to the species are uncertain.The species's global decline is driven by a very large range of threats, which may be important to highlight as they could be having an impact on the individuals when they are outside of the UAE - although, overall, the subspecies longipes, which is occurring in the UAE, is not thought to be in decline (Wetlands International 2019). Such threats include over-fishing of its prey (Atkinson;et al.;2003, Verhulst;et al.;2004, Ens 2006, van de Pol;et al. 2014), human disturbance (Kelin and Qiang 2006) (e.g. from construction work or recreational activities [Burton et al. 2002, van de Pol et al. 2014]), coastal barrage construction (Burton 2006), industrial development including development of ports and oil extraction, oil spills, wind farms (Melville et al. 2014) and reduced river flows (Kelin and Qiang 2006). Intensive agriculture including frequent mowing of grasslands and high densities of grazing livestock threatens chicks, eggs and nests and high levels of fertilizers and pesticides can reduce soil invertebrate biomass (van de Pol;et al. 2014). A reduction in eutrophication is likely to have contributed to declines in some areas, owing to a loss of food resources (van de Pol et al. 2014, H. Meltofte in litt. 2015).;The species is hunted in some range states (both legally and illegally) but the effects of hunting at the population level are not known (Melville et al. 2014, Sarychev and Mischenko 2014, van de Pol et al. 2014). The invasive Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas has become abundant in the Oosterschelde (Netherlands) and is increasing in the Dutch Wadden Sea (van de Pol et al. 2014). Eurasian Oystercatcher generally does not eat this species of oyster which is reported to be invading mussel beds and may compete with cockles and mussels thus reducing food availability. However Pacific Oyster beds could also provide an area for mussel beds to re-establish. In the northern part of the breeding range of the longipes subspecies, cessation of grazing in coastal areas leading to development of shrubby vegetation threatens breeding habitats (Sarychev and Mischenko 2014). Conversely, intensive grazing in some areas may pose a threat to this population. The species is susceptible to avian influenza so may be threatened by future outbreaks of the virus (Melville and Shortridge 2006).Sea level rise leading to increased coastal erosion and flooding is contributing to habitat loss in some areas (Melville;et al. 2014, van de Pol;et al. 2014). Climate change has advanced the average egg-laying date of the species and is likely to reduce recruitment of bivalves, however warmer winters are expected to benefit the species leading to lower winter mortality (van de Pol;et al. 2014). Droughts in some inland areas are likely to lead to a loss of suitable habitat (Melville;et al. 2014, Sarychev and Mischenko 2014).
History
The species is also considered to have been Least Concern in 1996.
Publication
Burfield, I.J., Westrip, J., Sheldon, R.D., Hermes, C., Wheatley, H., Smith, D., Harding, K.A. Allen, D.J. and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Birds. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Assessment ID
330511
Taxon name
Phalaropus lobatus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Phalaropus lobatus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Birds
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
aves
Order
charadriiformes
Family
scolopacidae
Genus
Phalaropus
Species
lobatus
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This species has a moderate (1,000-2,500 mature individuals) non-breeding population size in the UAE, which is;fluctuating but stable and likely receives some rescue effect. Therefore, the species is listed;as Least Concern.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species winters in large numbers off the coast of the UAE, particularly in the Gulf of Oman, but also in the Arabian Gulf (Richardson 1990, Pedersen et al. 2017). The species is fairly common on passage between August and September and between February and April, when it occurs also in wetlands further inland, but individuals have been recorded in all months (Richardson 1990, Pedersen et al. 2017).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
During winter, this species is largely pelagic, foraging at sea in upwelling zones and marine areas with a high abundance of plankton (del Hoyo et al. 1996, Aspinall and Porter 2011). On passage, it frequents saline lagoons but also inland wetlands like lakes, pools, ponds and creeks (Richardson 1990, Aspinall and Porter 2011). There is no information available about its diet in the UAE; elsewhere on passage, the species may take larval brine-flies (Ephydra spp.) from saline lakes, but when feeding pelagically during the winter it feeds on zooplankton and other floating planktonic particles (del Hoyo et al. 1996). The species is migratory. It breeds between late May and August in the Arctic tundra (Hayman et al. 1986, del Hoyo et al. 1996). The species leaves the breeding grounds between late-June and early-September (Hayman et al. 1986). It migrates in gregarious flocks using favoured lakes as staging points on route, and winters at sea in flocks of 20-100 (Hayman et al. 1986, del Hoyo et al. 1996).
Threats listed in assessment
The most relevant threats within the UAE are changes in land-use and the possibility of oil pollution, but the severity of these threats towards this species is unknown.;Outside of the UAE, the species faces a range of threats, which could impact individuals that visit the country. Habitat destruction, including from peat extraction, could impact the species during its breeding stage. Coastal dredging could also reduce available habitat and prey while at sea (O'Brien et al. 1997). The species is vulnerable to invasive alien predators (Biodiversity in Sweden 2012), as well as human disturbance on its breeding grounds. The species faces ongoing changes to habitat caused by increasing temperatures and impact of climate change (Huntley;et al. 2007).
History
Whilst the species would have used more coastal habitats (not anthropogenic), the population size is likely to have been the same in 1996, and so also LC.
Publication
Burfield, I.J., Westrip, J., Sheldon, R.D., Hermes, C., Wheatley, H., Smith, D., Harding, K.A. Allen, D.J. and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Birds. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Assessment ID
330510
Taxon name
Calidris pugnax
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Calidris pugnax
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Birds
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
aves
Order
charadriiformes
Family
scolopacidae
Genus
Calidris
Species
pugnax
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Calidris pugnax (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Philomachus.
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Near Threatened
Abbreviated status
NT
Qualifying criteria (if given)
D1
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This species has a restricted non-breeding population in the UAE, which qualifies it for listing as Vulnerable. However the population is stable within the country and globally. Therefore, the species's status has been regional adjusted down to Near Threatened at the national level.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The majority of occurrences of this species within the UAE are likely to be of migrant individuals on passage to and from the breeding grounds, which are common to very common at wetlands throughout the country (Pedersen et al. 2017). Numbers peak between July and December, and between February and April (Richardson 1990). Moreover, the species is a fairly common winter visitor, while single individuals have also been recorded during summer (Pedersen et al. 2017).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species occurs in freshwater wetlands like creeks, pond edges, wet grassland and sewage treatment plants, but also in saline habitats like coastal lagoons and mudflats (Richardson 1990, Aspinall and Porter 2011). There is no information available about its diet in the UAE; elsewhere on passage and during winter, it takes insects, small crustaceans, spiders, molluscs, annelid worms, frogs, small fish and plant material (del Hoyo et al. 1996). The species is migratory. It breeds from May to August in northern Eurasia, particularly in tundra habitats from the coast to the Arctic treeline (Johnsgard et al. 1981, Hayman et al. 1986, del Hoyo et al. 1996). The species leaves the breeding grounds between late-June and August and returns from the wintering grounds from March to mid-May (del Hoyo et al. 1996). The species migrates in large flocks of hundreds or thousands of individuals and forms huge dense groups on its wintering grounds (Hayman et al. 1986, del Hoyo et al. 1996).
Threats listed in assessment
Across its global range the species is threatened by petroleum pollution, wetland and flood-plain drainage (for irrigation and water management), peat-extraction, and land abandonment and changing land management practices that lead to scrub and reed overgrowth (del Hoyo et al. 1996, Grishanov 2006). The species may also suffer future population declines and range contractions as a result of global climate change (Zöckler 2002), and is susceptible to avian influenza (Melville and Shortridge 2006, Gaidet et al. 2007), avian botulism (Blaker 1967, van Heerden 1974, Hubalek et al. 2005) and avian malaria (Mendes et al. 2005), so may be threatened by future outbreaks of these diseases. The most relevant threats within the UAE are changes in coastal land-use and the possibility of oil pollution, but the severity of these threats towards this species is unknown.
History
The population is thought likely to have been the same or similar in 1996, and it is assessed as NT.
Publication
Burfield, I.J., Westrip, J., Sheldon, R.D., Hermes, C., Wheatley, H., Smith, D., Harding, K.A. Allen, D.J. and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Birds. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Assessment ID
330509
Taxon name
Calidris falcinellus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Calidris falcinellus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Birds
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
aves
Order
charadriiformes
Family
scolopacidae
Genus
Calidris
Species
falcinellus
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Calidris falcinellus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Limicola.
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
A2a; C1+2a(i,ii)
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This species has a very small non-breeding population in the UAE, which is undergoing a rapid decline. Moreover, wetland habitats within the UAE are likely to be deteriorating due to land conversion. Therefore, the species could warrant listing as Critically Endangered at the national level. However, given the large and stable global populations, we downlist this assessment to Endangered for the UAE.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is uncommon along the coast of the UAE (Pedersen et al. 2017). The majority of occurrences are likely to be of wintering birds and migrant individuals on passage to and from the breeding grounds (Pedersen et al. 2017). The most important wintering site is at Ras Al Khor Wildlife Sanctuary (J.N. Shah, NRCS,;pers comm. 2019). Numbers peak between July and October and are lowest in May and June (Richardson 1990, Pedersen et al. 2017).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species occurs mainly in coastal mudflats and tidal pools, but also in shallow fresh and brackish water and in wetlands further inland (Richardson 1990, del Hoyo et al. 1996, Aspinall and Porter 2011). There is no information available about its diet in the UAE; elsewhere it is omnivorous and feeds mainly on marine nereid worms, small bivalves and snails, crustaceans, insects, as well as the seeds of aquatic plants (del Hoyo et al. 1996, Snow and Perrins 1998). The species is migratory. Birds wintering in the UAE breed in June in wet lowlands of subarctic Scandinavia (Richardson 1990, del Hoyo et al. 1996). Individuals leave the breeding grounds by July, and stop-over in substantial numbers in Sivash (southern Ukraine) and on the Caspian Sea or the Bulgarian seaboard, before arriving in wintering grounds in late July and August (Richardson 1990, del Hoyo et al. 1996). The species migrates singly or in small groups, although during the spring migration flocks of up to several hundred can occur (del Hoyo et al. 1996). The population departs the wintering grounds in spring in April or May (Richardson 1990, del Hoyo et al. 1996).A few non-breeding birds remain at the wintering sites during the summer (del Hoyo et al. 1996, Pedersen et al. 2017).
Threats listed in assessment
Changes in coastal land-use and the possibility of oil pollution could affect this species in UAE, but the severity of these threats towards this species is unknown. It is uncertain the extent to which factors affecting breeding populations (e.g. see BirdLife International 2015) could impact individuals that do pass-through/over-winter in UAE. Climate change is likely to have an effect on this species in the future, including sea level rise.
History
The population would have been at significantly larger in 1996, with counts of; > 500 individuals at Ras Al Khor in the 1990s, and the overall population would have been in excess of 1,000 individuals. Significant declines in habitat area and quality did not commence until after 1996, and the species is assessed as Least Concern in 1996.
Publication
Burfield, I.J., Westrip, J., Sheldon, R.D., Hermes, C., Wheatley, H., Smith, D., Harding, K.A. Allen, D.J. and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Birds. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Assessment ID
330508
Taxon name
Calidris ferruginea
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Calidris ferruginea
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Birds
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
aves
Order
charadriiformes
Family
scolopacidae
Genus
Calidris
Species
ferruginea
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This species has a moderate-sized non-breeding population in the UAE, which qualifies it for listing as Least Concern. On a global scale, the species is assessed as Near Threatened due to a rapid decline, and breeding populations outside of the country may not have a large rescue effect, therefore no regional adjustment has been made to this assessment.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The majority of occurrences of this species within the UAE are likely to be of migrant individuals on passage to and from the breeding grounds (Pedersen et al. 2017). Particularly during July to October the species is very common, when large flocks of several thousand individuals gather along the coast (Richardson 1990). Moreover, it is a common winter visitor and single individuals stay in the country over summer (Pedersen et al. 2017).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species inhabits coastal zones, but is also found on wetlands further inland (Aspinall and Porter 2011). Generally in the non-breeding season, it occurs on coastal brackish lagoons, tidal mudflats, estuaries, salt marshes, exposed coral reefs, rocky and sandy shores, and inland on the muddy edges of marshes, rivers and lakes (both saline and freshwater), irrigated land and flooded areas (Urban;et al.;1986, del Hoyo;et al.;1996, Snow and Perrins 1998). There is no information available about its diet in the UAE; elsewhere during the non-breeding season, its diet consists of polychaete worms, molluscs, crustaceans and occasionally insects and seeds (del Hoyo;et al. 1996). The species is a long-distance migrant (del Hoyo et al. 1996, Snow and Perrins 1998). It breeds along the coast on the Taymyr Peninsula in northern Siberia and on islands of the Arctic Ocean;(Johnsgard 1981, del Hoyo;et al.;1996). Individuals wintering in the UAE migrate via the Black Sea and Caspian Sea; part of the population moves further south to winter in eastern and southern Africa (Van Gils and Wiersma 1996).
Threats listed in assessment
The most relevant threats within UAE are changes in coastal land-use and the possibility of oil pollution, but the severity of these threats towards this species is unknown.The key threats to the global population of this species, which may occur outside of the country, but could still be relevant to individuals that visit UAE include; habitat loss due to development, reservoir and marshland habitat alteration by salt-industries, habitat degradation by diminishing rainfall, and illegal hunting (bird trapping);(Balachandran 2006). This species is susceptible to avian influenza (Melville and Shortridge 2006, Gaidet et al. 2007) and avian botulism (Blaker 1967, van Heerden 1974) so may be threatened by future outbreaks of these diseases. Climate change is also a potential future threat.
History
It is assessed that in 1996, the national Red List status of this species would have been the same as in this assessment.
Publication
Burfield, I.J., Westrip, J., Sheldon, R.D., Hermes, C., Wheatley, H., Smith, D., Harding, K.A. Allen, D.J. and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Birds. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates