Assessment ID
330165
Taxon name
Stenodactylus leptocosymbotes
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330164
Taxon name
Pristurus celerrimus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Pristurus celerrimus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
sphaerodactylidae
Genus
Pristurus
Species
celerrimus
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species is widely distributed throughout the Hajar Mountains. The species is listed as Least Concern as there are no significant widespread threats and the species is not considered to be declining. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species is widely distributed throughout the Hajar Mountains, from the north at the Musandam Peninsula border to the Oman border in the south (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). It occurs from sea level to at least 1,400 m asl. Globally, the species is endemic to the Hajar Mountains of Oman and the United Arab Emirates (Gardner 2013).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Mountain slopes, wadis with large boulders and cliffs (Gardner 2013) from sea level to at least 1,400 m asl. It is a diurnal species that perches on rock boulders or vertical rock faces. Females lay one egg per clutch multiple times throughout the year.
Threats listed in assessment
There are no major threats to this species. Some populations might be threatened by very localized habitat loss due to quarrying.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330163
Taxon name
Pristurus minimus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Pristurus minimus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
sphaerodactylidae
Genus
Pristurus
Species
minimus
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is listed as Least Concern as it is moderately widespread in the UAE and locally abundant and subject to no major threats. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species occurs inland from Sharjah south to Abu Dhabi inwards to Al Ain (Gardner 2013) from sea level to 300 m asl, with an isolated record also known from the vicinity of Khor Fakkan on the east coast (Böhme and Leptien 1990, Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press).Globally, the species is endemic to the Arabian Peninsula, where it has been recorded from the United Arab Emirates, Oman (including Masirah Island) and eastern Yemen (Arnold 1977, 1980; Carranza et al. 2018). There is a questionable record from the northern Empty Quarter in Saudi Arabia. It is very localised in Yemen, where only one record is known.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The species is mostly found in sandy plains with clumps of grass or other low shrubby vegetation. It has also been recorded from a rocky hillside on the east coast of the United Arab Emirates (Gardner 2013).It is predominantly a diurnal species which may be active during the summer at night. It preys on small insects including termites and ants (Gardner 2013). Females lay a single egg and reproduction apparently occurs throughout the year (Gardner 2013).
Threats listed in assessment
There are no major threats to this species.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330162
Taxon name
Pristurus carteri
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Pristurus carteri
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
sphaerodactylidae
Genus
Pristurus
Species
carteri
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Critically endangered
Abbreviated status
CR
Qualifying criteria (if given)
B1ab(iii,v)c(iv)+2ab(iii,v)c(iv)
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is only known from a single location in the gravel outwash of Wadi Agran near Al Ain, eastern UAE. The species is assessed as Endangered (EN B1ab(iii,v)c(iv)+2ab(iii,v)c(iv)) due to its very restricted extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) within the United Arab Emirates, which are restricted to a single known location, which is divided by the Oman and UAE border. On either side of the country borders, the habitat of this most northerly population of the species is under threat due to gravel extraction, construction, overgrazing and farms. This UAE national assessment is upgraded by one category to CR (B1ab(iii,v)c(iv)+2ab(iii,v)c(iv)) because it is a sink population supported by the adjacent population in Oman.
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species has only been found in the gravel outwash of Wadi Agran, within a few hundred meters of the Oman border (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). It occurs from 300-400 m asl. The species has marginal occurrence with the UAE.This species is endemic to the southern Arabian Peninsula, where it ranges from northwestern Oman (Ibri area) and Dibab (on the Gulf of Oman coast) southwards, via Masirah Island, to Dhofar, where it is common (Carranza et al. 2018). A disjunct population occurs in north Yemen, where it is known from two records (Arnold 1980, 1986).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The species is found on a barren alluvial outwash plain, containing cobbles and gravels from the Semail nappe of the Hajar Mountains. The general vegetation of the area falls into the Vachellia tortilis-Rhazya stricta-Fagonia indica zone typical of the foothills of northern Oman and United Arab Emirates (Gardner 2009). The species is active throughout the year and both diurnal and nocturnal and preys on invertebrates. Females lay one or two eggs in multiple clutches throughout the year.
Threats listed in assessment
This species is threatened by habitat loss and degradation resulting from gravel extraction, construction, over-grazing and farms, as well as vehicle tracks.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330161
Taxon name
Asaccus gallagheri
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Asaccus gallagheri
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
phyllodactylidae
Genus
Asaccus
Species
gallagheri
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Populations from the Eastern Hajar Mountains in Oman are now referred to A. arnoldi (Simó-Riudalbas et al. 2018).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
In the United Arab Emirates, this species is restricted to the Hajar Mountains, with an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 3,165 km<sup>2</sup> and an area of occupancy (AOO) of 168 km<sup>2</sup>. Populations are thought to be stable, and there are no known widespread threats. The species is assessed as Least Concern. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species occurs throughout the Hajar Mountains from sea level to 600 m asl (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). Globally, the species is endemic to the central and western Hajar Mountains, ranging from the Musandam Peninsula in Oman through the United Arab Emirates to Jebel Akhdar in Oman (Gardner 2013, Carranza et al. 2018). It has been found from sea level up to 1,700 m asl.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Rocky terrain in mountains and coastal wadis, and on small cliffs on open hillsides (Gardner 2013) from sea level to 600 m asl. The species has also been encountered on stony walls surrounding farms, on the external walls of houses and abandoned buildings within their distribution range. It is a small nocturnal species that predates on invertebrates. Breeding season is during spring and summer, with females laying a single egg that is glued to the surrounding surface at intervals of four weeks (Gardner 2013). The species is sexual dimorphic in that the adult males have a yellow tail and females a white tail with dark bands.
Threats listed in assessment
There are no major threats to the species, except for localised quarrying which will not have a significant impact on the population throughout its area of occurrence.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330160
Taxon name
Echis omanensis
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Echis omanensis
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
viperidae
Genus
Echis
Species
omanensis
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species occurs throughout the Hajar Mountains, and was recently recorded from Jebel Hafeet. The species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide range and lack of significant threats. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012). The species population density may be increasing where irrigation projects occur.
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species occurs throughout the Hajar Mountains (Babocsay 2004, Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press) from sea level to 1,000 m asl. The species also occurs in Jebel Hafeet near Al Ain.This species is endemic to the Hajar Mountain of Oman and the United Arab Emirates (Egan 2007). The animals are seldom found above 800 m asl.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is common in mountain wadis and surrounding rocky terrain, especially in areas having permanent or semi-permanent surface water. They are primarily nocturnal hunters but in cool weather they can be found on bedrock or gravel beside surface water or damp hollows, where they may bask, but also wait in ambush. Their diet consists of small vertebrates, particularly toads, and they emerge in wadi beds during or after light rain to feed on toads which emerge at the same time. Individual snakes have been observed to maintain territories and regular resting place over several years. They are presumably oviparous.
Threats listed in assessment
There are no widespread threats, although some populations may be impacted by localized quarrying and major infrastructure projects within their habitat. Over-extraction of water may have an impact on the species within certain parts of its range. It is persecuted throughout most of its range due to human fear of this venomous species.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330157
Taxon name
Trapelus flavimaculatus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Trapelus flavimaculatus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
agamidae
Genus
Trapelus
Species
flavimaculatus
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
Trapelus flavimaculatus is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution within the UAE, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
In the United Arab Emirates, this species has been recorded from the Sila area through the coastal deserts of Abu Dhabi to Ras Al Khaimah, and further inland around Sweihan and Al Ain (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). The species has also been recorded along the east coast of the United Arab Emirates but is absent from the Hajar Mountains. The species is found from sea level to 400 m asl.This species is present in Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The species is found in open areas, where it basks in the branches of small Acacia and Prosopis trees, and on the ground in sandy areas. In the United Arab Emirates, this species occurs on stable sand and gravelly surfaces, usually with bushes and shrubs, on which it is found sunning itself (Arnold 1980, Gardner 2013). The species is also found in urban and rural gardens. In disturbed areas, heaps of stones and earth may be used for sunning (Arnold 1980). The breeding season is spring and summer. The females lay four to six eggs.
Threats listed in assessment
There are no widespread threats to this species, but there will be localised impacts from development, to which its habitat is particularly susceptible.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330128
Taxon name
Acanthodactylus haasi
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Acanthodactylus haasi
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
lacertidae
Genus
Acanthodactylus
Species
haasi
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is endemic to the Arabian Peninsula, and within the United Arab Emirates, the species is localised and uncommon in widely scattered localities in Abu Dhabi Emirate, where it occurs from sea level to 200 m asl. The species is considered Data Deficient as it is known from only a few specimens within its wide distribution range and there is a lack of available data on the species ecology, threats, and population size and trend. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is localised and uncommon in widely scattered localities in the Abu Dhabi Emirate (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). It occurs from sea level to 200 m asl. The species is endemic to the Arabian Peninsula (Haas 1957, Salvador 1982), where it is also found in central Oman and northern and eastern Saudi Arabia, around Dhahran and Sakaka (Leviton et al. 1992, Carranza et al. 2018).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The species prefers vegetated sandy plains and low dunes (Gardner 2013). A ground-dwelling and diurnal species, it is known to climb in low vegetation, which is considered unusual for the genus (Leviton et al. 1992, Gardner 2013). This behaviour may allow an extended activity duration on hot days by getting off the hot sand and getting access to prey (Gardner 2013). They dig burrows at the base of small shrubs.
Threats listed in assessment
There are no confirmed threats impacting this species, although based on its distribution it is presumed that some populations may be at risk due to urban development. Four of the five known localities are away from the main areas of intensive urban development.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330123
Taxon name
Hydrophis gracilis
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Hydrophis gracilis
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
elapidae
Genus
Hydrophis
Species
gracilis
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
This species has also been treated under the genus Microcephalophis, however, a recent molecular phylogenetic study of 39 sea snake species in 15 genera recovered Hydrophis as broadly paraphyletic with respect to several other genera (Sanders et al. 2013). Instead of erecting multiple new genera, the authors recommended dismantling the mostly monotypic genera Pelamis, Enhydrina, Astrotia, Thalassophina, Acalyptophis, Kerilia, Lapemis and Disteira, and recognizing a single genus, Hydrophis, for these taxa (Sanders et al. 2013). This classification system avoids confusion and better reflects the history of recent and very rapid diversification of these snakes and are followed by most recent authors.
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is present in United Arab Emirate waters, with confirmed records from the Arabian Gulf (from small numbers of strandings) and the Gulf of Oman, however, there are no data available on population size and trend, and the distribution is not well understood. The species is considered Data Deficient for the UAE at present because the available data are inadequate to assign the species to either Least Concern or a threatened category, and research into this and other sea snakes should be a priority.
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is confirmed in United Arab Emirate waters (Soorae et al. 2006, Egan 2007, Gardner 2013, Buzás et al. 2018), with confirmed records from the Arabian Gulf (from small numbers of strandings) and the Gulf of Oman, where it is found up to 5.9-6.2 km offshore (Géczy et al. 2017, Buzás et al. 2018). The depth range is not certain, but likely to be found to c.55 m depth along the east coast. Museum records are available for the UAE in the Al Mayya Sanctuary, Fujairah.Globally, the species is found in the Arabian and Oman Gulfs, east to Indonesia, the Gulf of Papua and China (Culotta and Pickwell 1993, Heatwole 1999). Its range includes Hong Kong in the east and Australia to the south (Kharin 2004).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
Within UAE waters, this species has been observed far offshore at more extreme depths compared to other sea snake species (Egan 2007). It appears to prefer clear waters with a sandy or coral substrate (Gardner 2013). This is bottom-dwelling species (B. Buzás pers. comm. 2018).Globally, this species occurs in mangrove swamps and around coastal reefs (Minton 1966, Heatwole 1975). This species forages on sand and specializes in feeding on eels.
Threats listed in assessment
As with all sea snakes, this species is vulnerable to indirect threats from habitat loss and climate change throughout its range (Rasmussen et al. in prep.). The impact of oil spills and other marine pollution requires further study. They have the potential for entanglement in marine litter and abandoned fish traps (garghoor).
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330122
Taxon name
Hydrophis curtus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Hydrophis curtus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
elapidae
Genus
Hydrophis
Species
curtus
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
This species was formerly known as Lapemis curtus, however, a recent molecular phylogenetic study of 39 sea snake species in 15 genera recovered Hydrophis as broadly paraphyletic with respect to several other genera (Sanders et al. 2013). Instead of erecting multiple new genera, the authors recommended dismantling the mostly monotypic genera Pelamis, Enhydrina, Astrotia, Thalassophina, Acalyptophis, Kerilia, Lapemis and Disteira, and recognizing a single genus, Hydrophis, for these taxa (Sanders et al. 2013). This classification system avoids confusion and better reflects the history of recent and very rapid diversification of these snakes and are followed by most recent authors.Hydrophis curtus is sometimes regarded as two species, H. curtus occurring in the Indian Ocean and H. hardwickii occurring in southeast Asia and Australasia (Smith 1926, Cogger 2000). This division is not supported by morphological analyses based on large numbers of individuals from populations throughout the species' geographic range (Gritis and Voris 1990). However, molecular data show a deep divergence between clades of H. curtus in the Indian Ocean versus the West Pacific (Ukuwela et al. 2014). Further work is required to confirm the identity of this species across its range, and at present, a single species, H. curtus, is maintained.
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
Within UAE waters, this species is not well known and is less common than some other sea snake species. In the Arabian Gulf, only two records are known, however, it is considered one of the most common sea snakes in Iranian waters in the Arabian Gulf. On the east coast, it is known from more records, mostly from south of Fujairah city. Nothing is known of the population size or trend, and further research is required. The species is considered Data Deficient for the UAE at present because the available data are inadequate to assign the species to either Least Concern or a threatened category, and research into this and other sea snakes should be a priority.
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Presence of this species is confirmed within the United Arab Emirates marine territorial waters (Soorae et al. 2006, 2010; Gardner 2013, Castilla et al. 2017, Buzás et al. 2018). It is most common in the southern part of the east coast, south of Fujairah city, from 3.5 - 7 km offshore (Géczy et al. 2017, Buzás et al. 2018). In the Arabian Gulf, this species is apparently less common, with few known records; Soorae et al. (2006) recorded the species from Abu Dhabi island. It has been recorded from Iranian waters in the northern Arabian Gulf, with records from the Straits of Hormuz requiring confirmation. The depth range is not certain, but likely to be found to c. 55 m depth along the east coast. The first museum specimen from the region was collected off the west coast of the Musandam Peninsula (Arabian Gulf, UAE) in 1931 (Gasperetii 1988), and recent museum records are available for the UAE (Al Mayya Sanctuary, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates).Globally (Culotta and Pickwell 1993, Lukoschek et al. 2010), this species has one of the most extensive distributions of all sea snakes (Minton 1975, David and Ineich 1999). It occurs from the Arabian Gulf to eastern Australia and includes Pakistan, the entire Indian coastline, Myanmar, Thailand, South China Sea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and northern Australia (David and Ineich 1999; Ukuwela et al. 2014, 2016). One individual of this species has been reported from an unknown location in New Caledonia (Rasmussen and Ineich 2000), but it is not clear whether there are breeding populations in that region.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
In the UAE, this species is found up to 6-7 km off the east coast, at depths of up to 55 m, where the bottom is sandy. The habitat requirements in the UAE require further research. In the Arabian Gulf, there have been significant declines in suitable habitats (seagrass, coral reefs etc), but specific utilisation of these habitats is uncertain.This species occurs in a wide range of tropical shallow-water habitats including gulfs, bays, and estuaries, over continental shelves and also over soft-sediments adjacent to coral reefs (Lukoschek et al. 2010). It is associated with many soft-sediment types including sand, muddy sand, and mud and sometimes ascends rivers, thus also occurs in freshwater habitats (Lukoschek et al. 2010). It is a generalist feeder and its diet includes many species of benthic, demersal and pelagic fish, as well as squid and other crustaceans (Glodek and Voris 1982, Fry et al. 2001, Lobo et al. 2005, Rezaie-Atagholipour 2012).
Threats listed in assessment
As with all sea snakes, this species is vulnerable to indirect threats from habitat loss and climate change throughout its range (Rasmussen et al. in prep.). The impact of oil spills and other marine pollution requires further study. They have the potential for entanglement in marine litter and abandoned fish traps (garghoor).This species occurs primarily in shallow-water coastal soft-sediment habitats, and Lukoschek et al. (2010) cited fisheries bycatch (in prawn trawl fisheries) and intentional harvest for snakeskins as the two major threats to this species across its global distribution. It is not known whether, and to what extent, these threats impact this species in UAE waters, and there is no reported use in the UAE.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE