Assessment ID
330066
Taxon name
Stenodactylus doriae
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330065
Taxon name
Hemidactylus flaviviridis
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Hemidactylus flaviviridis
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
gekkonidae
Genus
Hemidactylus
Species
flaviviridis
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
This species was described by Rüppell in 1835 based on specimens collected from Massaua Island, Eritrea (Smith 1935).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Not Applicable
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is widespread in the UAE. It is considered to be introduced, although this introduction probably took place prior to 1500 CE. The species is considered Not Applicable for the UAE national Red List as a non-native introduction.
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is widespread and exclusively associated with human habitation from sea level to 500 m asl (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). It is presumed to not be native to the Arabian Peninsula. However if introduced, introduction took place a very long time ago (prior to 1,500 CE/905AH).Globally, Hemidactylus flaviviridis ranges (Sindaco and Jeremäenko 2008) from Somalia (Lanza 1990) through Djibouti (Ineich 2001) and Eritrea into eastern Egypt (Flower 1933, Saleh 1997, Baha El Din 2001, 2005; Henkel 2003) and coastal Sudan (where it has a patchy distribution along the Red Sea coast), coastal Arabian Peninsula (including Socotra Island) (Arnold 1980, 1984; Carranza et al. 2018), Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan (where it is known with certainty only from the vicinity of Jalalabad. Wagner et al. (2016) suggest that a record from Kabul may represent confusion with H. brookii, which is known from this locality), Pakistan (Khan 1986, Baig et al. 2008, Rais et al. 2015, Ali et al. 2016), Nepal (Bhattarai et al. 2017), Bangladesh (Parves and Alam 2015), and northern, central and southern India (Mirza and Pal 2008). In Bangladesh, the species used to be restricted to the western parts of the country that are contiguous with West Bengal State in India; only after the 1980s has it been transported to the eastern half of the country (Khan 2015). It is generally found at sea level but can occur up to 1,000 m asl.The species has been widely introduced to an uncertain part of its above range (Minton 1966), probably including the coastal Red Sea (Loveridge 1947). It has been reported historically from Ethiopia (Loveridge 1947), but this country is not included in the distribution given by Largen (1997) and it is at present unknown in this country (Largen and Spawls 2006, 2010). Anderson (1999) suggests that it is native to central and southern India, and has become distributed westward along trade routes through human agency.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is mostly associated with human habitations including houses and ruins.
Threats listed in assessment
There are no known threats to the species.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330064
Taxon name
Acanthodactylus opheodurus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Acanthodactylus opheodurus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
lacertidae
Genus
Acanthodactylus
Species
opheodurus
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This species is listed as Data Deficient in view of the limited information currently available, although it may have a larger population and wider distribution within the UAE. The species should be reassessed if further data become available. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is known from four widely-spaced localities, including one in the Sila Peninsula in western Abu Dhabi and others along the gravel plains bordering the Hajar Mountains on the west, particularly in the vicinity of Jebel Hafeet (Gardner 2013). It occurs from sea level to 400 m asl. It may have a wider distribution within suitable habitat, but be under-sampled. Known subpopulations may link to adjacent populations in Oman to the east, and to Qatar in the west. The areas on all sides of Jebel Hafeet in the UAE have been subject to substantial development for roads, residential and other purposes. An effort in 2012 to locate A. opheodurus in the area north of Jebel Hafeet, where it was studied by Cunningham (2001) was unsuccessful.Globally, this species ranges from eastern Israel to southwestern Jordan, with an apparently disjunct population ranging from eastern Jordan into Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Qatar (Cog?lniceanu et al. 2014), Oman and the United Arab Emirates (Sindaco and Jerem?enko 2008, Carranza et al. 2018).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The species is found on gravelly plains and in dry wadis with sparse vegetation. It may be associated with relatively hard substrates and small bushes. It generally avoids areas of soft sand and mountain areas. It is a diurnal and ground-dwelling species which preys on invertebrates. It is an oviparous species that lays a clutch of four eggs. The breeding season is unknown for the species.
Threats listed in assessment
Urban and infrastructure development appear to pose a major threat to the species, in particular, the population surrounding Jebel Hafeet.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330063
Taxon name
Hemidactylus robustus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Hemidactylus robustus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
gekkonidae
Genus
Hemidactylus
Species
robustus
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
This species has been considered to be a synonym of H. turcicus; while it is now recognized as valid (Baha El Din 2005, Carranza and Arnold 2012), its range limits remain unclear as a result of this former synonymy. The observation that many specimens exhibit apparently intermediate sets of characteristics (Loveridge 1947) is borne out by examination of Ethiopian H. sinaitus (Largen and Spawls 2006). B. Lanza (in Largen and Spawls 2006) attributes these shared characteristics to the existence of possible hybrids, but it may be that the relationship between H. robustus and H. sinaitus is in need of further investigation.Comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences of geckos from Iran and Pakistan with H. robustus from Egypt and the UAE confirms that this species extends at least as far as Sind (Bauer et al. 2006). A recent study on the degree of molecular and morphological differentiation within the H. robustus species group allowed the redescription of H. robustus and the formal description of three new species of Hemidactylus -“ H. adensis and H. mandebensis from Yemen and H. awashensis from Ethiopia (Šmíd et al. 2015).Hemidactylus porbandarensis Sharma, 1981 is a synonym of Hemidactylus robustus Heyden, 1827 (Bauer et al. 2012).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is widespread in the sandy deserts, gravel plains and at lower elevations in the mountainous regions, and it is frequently encountered in urban and disturbed environments. There are no widespread threats, and the species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, tolerance of a degree of habitat modification, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is widespread in the sandy deserts, gravel plains and in the mountainous regions at lower elevations, and is also found on many of the islands (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). It occurs from sea level to 500 m asl. It is frequently encountered in urban and disturbed environments. The species is considered native to the Arabian Peninsula.This species is distributed (Carranza and Arnold 2006, Sindaco and Jeremäenko 2008) through Somalia (where it is found in nearly all regions; Lanza 1990), in Eritrea and Djibouti (Ineich 2001), along the Red Sea coast of Sudan and southern Egypt (north to Quseir; Baha El Din 2001), much of the Arabian Peninsula (and also on Socotra Island) (Cogä'lniceanu et al. 2013), east to Iran (Anderson 1999) and Pakistan (Baha El Din 2005). It is a coastal species generally found at or close to sea level, however, inland records exist for Ethiopia and extreme northeastern Kenya (Spawls et al. 2002, Largen and Spawls 2006, 2010). It has possibly been introduced to some of the port cities of Iran and Pakistan (T. Papenfuss pers. comm. 2008). It is found in coastal areas around the Red Sea, Hadhramaut (Yemen; Šmíd et al. 2015), and the southern Arabian littoral zone as far as the eastern United Arab Emirates, southern Iran and Pakistan (Arnold 1980). A record from Zanzibar represents an introduced population of Hemidactylus puccionii.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
In the United Arab Emirates this species is commonly encountered in urban areas, gardens, on trees in sand deserts and wadis (Gardner 2013).Elsewhere across its distribution, the species is found in coastal salt marshes under halophytic vegetation, in mangroves, under coastal debris, and on traditional buildings. This species is widespread across both mainland and island coastlines, from rocky hillsides and scrubland to salt marsh (Carranza and Arnold 2012, Carranza et al. 2018). In Oman, and presumably elsewhere, it is never encountered far from human habitation (Arnold 1980). It is however generally less well-adapted to urbanization and development than H. turcicus. It is generally not found in rocky areas. It is an egg-laying species.
Threats listed in assessment
There are no known threats to the species within the United Arab Emirates. The species is highly adaptable to artificial environments and are commonly encountered within urban areas. It doesn't appear to be collected for the pet trade.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330062
Taxon name
Scincus mitranus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Scincus mitranus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
scincidae
Genus
Scincus
Species
mitranus
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Two subspecies have been described; the nominate subspecies, and S. mitranus muscatensis Murray, 1886. Scincus m. muscatensis was considered a synonym of S. mitranus mitranus by Gardner (2013) and Carranza et al. (2018).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is widespread throughout the sandy deserts. It is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, its occurrence in a number of protected areas, the general security of its habitat, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is widespread throughout the sandy deserts, including the deep sands of the Rub' al Khali (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). It occurs from sea level to 400 m asl.Globally, this species is widely distributed in the Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Kuwait) (Sindaco and Jeremäenko 2008), where it is found from sea level up to around 1,000 m asl. The species has been recorded from Khuzestan and Qeshm Island in Iran (Fahmi et al. 2009, Dakhteh et al. 2007), the latter citing work then in preparation. These records are not mentioned in a subsequent checklist for Iran, which recognizes S. scincus from Khuzestan (Šmíd et al. 2014). While the Qeshm record was accepted by Housseinen et al. (2013), this record is far from the species' known range and this distribution record has never been formally published (S.S. Housseinen Yousefkhani pers. comm. 2019). It is likely that this represents a misidentification of S. scincus (S.S. Housseinen Youssefkhani pers. comm. 2019). The occurrence of S. mitranus in Iran has subsequently been confirmed with a 2015 record from Bampour-Iranshahr, close to Bampour city in Sistan-Baluchistan, but it is thought that the species' range in Iran is very restricted (S.S. Housseinen Youssefkhani pers. comm. 2019).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The species is found on soft, aeolian sand dunes and sandsheets, usually the leeward slip-faces of the dunes (Gardner 2013).It is a diurnal species that emerges to forage on the sand surface after sunrise and retreats under the sand surface when too hot and may re-emerge in the late afternoon and remain active after dark in summer (Gardner 2013). In winter, they emerge later and may have a prolonged diurnal activity period. They predate on insects and plant food is also taken (Gardner 2013). They are oviparous with females laying two to three elongated soft-shelled eggs.
Threats listed in assessment
There are unlikely to be any major threats to this species' shifting sand dune habitat, although localised minor impacts from urbanisation and industrial development are likely.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330061
Taxon name
Diplometopon zarudnyi
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Diplometopon zarudnyi
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
trogonophidae
Genus
Diplometopon
Species
zarudnyi
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is found throughout the sandy deserts from Ras al Khaimah to western Abu Dhabi. It is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population with no major threats and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is found throughout the sandy deserts from Ras al Khaimah to western Abu Dhabi, including the Liwa area (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). Occurs from sea level to 300 m asl. Globally, this species ranges from western Iran (a limited small dune area), southern Iraq and Kuwait, into the Arabian Peninsula where it is found in northern and central Saudi Arabia, Oman and the United Arab Emirates (Sindaco and Jeremäenko 2008). It is found from sea level to around 1,000 m asl.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is found on sand sheets and dunes including the upper shoreline of sandy beaches (Gardner 2013).It is a nocturnal and fossorial species that spends most of its life under the sand. At night, they may surface and move considerable distances whilst foraging (Gardner 2013). They are predators which are presumed to consume arthropods and perhaps small geckos (Gardner 2013). They are able to tolerate a wide range of temperature while maintaining a mean selected body temperature within a narrow range (Gardner 2013). Very little is known about the species reproduction, although it may be similar to the observation made in Saudi Arabia, where the breeding season was recorded from early April to late June (Al-Sadoon et al. 2014). Females lay 6-9 eggs with an average egg diameter of 1.5 mm (Al-Sadoon et al. 2014).
Threats listed in assessment
There appear to be no major threats to this species as a whole, although coastal habitats will be impacted by development.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330060
Taxon name
Pseudocerastes persicus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Pseudocerastes persicus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
viperidae
Genus
Pseudocerastes
Species
persicus
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
We provisionally treat Pseudocerastes fieldi Schmidt, 1930 as a distinct species (Uetz and Hallermann 2010, Uetz et al. 2018, Šmíd and Tolley 2019), although in some accounts it is treated as a subspecies of P. persicus (Leviton et al. 1992).Pseudocerastes bicornis Wall, 1913, described from a single locality on the Pakistan-Afghanistan border at the eastern range limit for the genus, has long been considered a junior synonym of P. persicus (Sindaco et al. 2013), and this scheme is followed here, but is listed as a valid species without comment by Khan (2006).Recent studies have confirmed that Pseudocerastes persicus from Oman and the United Arab Emirates (the) are genetically the same as those from Iran (de Pous et al. 2016).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
The species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution and no known widespread threats that may cause a decline in the population to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. The species was previously listed in 2012 as Vulnerable for the Arabian Peninsula (Cox et al. 2012) due to its restricted range, however, since then, more data have been obtained on the species distribution which expanded its known range within the Hajar Mountains of the United Arab Emirates. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is presumed to be widespread throughout the Hajar Mountains from 300 m to 1,400 m asl, including Jebel Hafeet in Abu Dhabi Emirate (Cunningham 2002, de Pous et al. 2016, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press).Globally, this species ranges from northeast Iraq, northwest Iran and southern Azerbaijan, south to the Arabian Peninsula, and eastwards to western Pakistan. The species is widespread in Iran (Latifi 1991). In Pakistan, it ranges as far east as Manguli in southwestern Kalat (Minton 1966). It is also reported to occur in Afghanistan, however this may be based on a record taken close to the Afghan border in Pakistan and it is still correct, as observed by Leviton and Anderson (1970), that no documented records of this species appear to exist from Afghanistan (Wagner et al. 2016). This species is unlikely to occur in southeast Turkey, from where reports of this species are considered to be erroneous (Sindaco et al. 2013), or in northwestern Azerbaijan, and presence in these areas needs to be confirmed. Khan (2006) reports that it occurs up to 2,200 m asl.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The species is found in vegetated rocky mountains and mountain wadis (Gardner 2013).They are predominantly nocturnal but may be active or bask among rocks during the day in the cooler months or at twilight (Gardner 2013). They prey on small mammals, lizards and birds (Gardner 2013). They are oviparous, laying 11-21 eggs, and the embryos are well-advanced and hatch after about 30 days incubation (Gardner 2013). Very little further is known about the ecology of this species.
Threats listed in assessment
Because of its habit of congregating in smaller areas of suitable habitat in the winter, it is relatively easy to extirpate local populations or to collect for trade. In the United Arab Emirates, it may be threatened by increasing levels of quarrying in some parts of its range.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330059
Taxon name
Heremites septemtaeniatus
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Heremites septemtaeniatus
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
scincidae
Genus
Heremites
Species
septemtaeniatus
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
This taxon was previously included within Trachylepis aurata, as the subspecies T. a. septemtaeniata and T. a. transcaucasica. Following the validation of T. septemtaeniata as a full species (Mausfeld and Schmitz 2003, Moravec et al. 2006) the western range limit of this species in Anatolia (where T. aurata also occurs) is in need of clarification. This account provisionally follows the distribution provided in Sindaco and Jeremäenko (2008).Karin et al. (2016) now place this species in the genus Heremites.
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates it has only been found in anthropogenic habitats on two off-shore islands and at Al Qua'a, south of Al Ain. This species is listed as Data Deficient due to insufficient data. Its distribution is currently only associated with ornamental gardens and cultivated land, which suggests the possibility that it was introduced, and its origin in the UAE remains uncertain.
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species has only been found on Marawah and Jernain islands off the coast, and in fodder fields at Al Qua'a, south of Al Ain (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press). The latter record near Al Ain is almost certainly an introduction and the origin of the species in the UAE overall is uncertain. They occur from sea level to 200 m asl.The native range of this species is uncertain due to extensive and long-term introductions. The native range is likely to include to Iran, Iraq and Syria, north to Central Asia, and southeast to the northern Arabian Peninsula.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This is a diurnal skink that lives in vegetation and its diet may include insects (Gardner 2013). On Jernain Island, the species was found living amongst irrigated ornamental plants near the shoreline, and at Al Qua'a they are around a small building in the fodder fields (Gardner 2013). There is limited information on its life history.
Threats listed in assessment
Threats to the species are unknown.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330058
Taxon name
Teratoscincus keyserlingii
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Teratoscincus keyserlingii
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
sphaerodactylidae
Genus
Teratoscincus
Species
keyserlingii
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Macey et al. (2005) conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Teratoscincus and concluded on genetic grounds that T. keyserlingi (until then regarded as a subspecies of T. scincus) should be considered a valid species. This author did not, however, conduct any morphological work to determine whether the proposed arrangement represented a morphologically diagnosable species (P. Uetz pers. comm. 2013). Subsequently, Wagner et al. (2016) noted that most Afghan records of this species appear to be referable to T. keyserlingi. These authors note that the assignment of Afghan records to the two taxa is ""complicated"", although they recognize both as distinct species occurring in Afghanistan.Nazarov et al. (2017) subsequently elevated the isolated Fergana Valley form T. s. rustamowi to specific status based on both molecular and morphological methods and clarified range limits within Teratoscincus as presently understood. Although the Arabian subpopulation of this species is isolated and restricted to the United Arab Emirates (the), Teratoscincus keyserlingii from Bandar-e-Abas in Iran and the United Arab Emirates (the) are genetically similar.
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Critically endangered
Abbreviated status
CR
Qualifying criteria (if given)
A3c+4c
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is found in scattered populations from Abu Dhabi to Ras Al Khaimah in the sandy deserts. Both the area of occupancy (216 km<sup>2</sup>) and the extent of occurrence (EOO 6,531 km<sup>2</sup>) and are restricted. The population is considered severely fragmented as a result of habitat loss and fragmentation caused by development and road construction, especially in coastal areas. A continuing decline in the number of mature individuals of at least 80% has been observed, and this is projected to continue into the future, based on ongoing declines in AOO and the extent and quality of habitat.The species is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR A3c+4c) based on a suspected future population decline of at least 80% in the next three generation lengths (30-45 years), and on a similar level of decline over a timeframe of three generation-lengths that commenced in the 1990s. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species is found in severely fragmented populations from Ras Al Khaimah to Abu Dhabi in the sandy deserts from sea level to 200 asl (Burriel-Carranza et al. submitted). The population comprises four distinct subpopulations that are genetically the same from 15 known locations. The populations are considered to be severely fragmented due to the development of urban areas and the construction of roads. Combining historic records with the results from 2012-2017 surveys (Soorae et al. 2018) clearly indicated areas where the species is now extinct.Globally, the species distribution ranges from the United Arab Emirates (Sindaco and Jeremäenko 2008, Gardner 2009), to Iran (Baig and Masroor 2008, Gholamifard et al. 2015), western Pakistan (Khan 2002) and southwestern Afghanistan (Nazarov et al. 2017). It is found from sea level to around 1,500 m asl. A sight record reported from near Doha in 1973 (Arnold 1977) has never been confirmed and should be discounted (Gardner 2013). Cogalniceanu et al 2014 during their preliminary report on the distribution of the lizard in Qatar could also not confirm the species extant.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
A medium-sized gecko, it is a nocturnal and solitary species. It is mainly a psammophilus species (often found between sand dunes). It is largely recorded from fine, silty soils, loose sand, salt-encrusted sand, sand mixed with gravel, occasionally also recorded on hard clayey soil (Minton Jr 1966, Anderson 1999, Szczerbak and Golubev 1996). The areas of occupancy have varying vegetation from dry open woodland through sparse scrubland and to dry grassland (Anderson 1999). The species is associated with vegetated areas.Animals live in burrows of about 25 to 40 cm depth; they are also used as shelters in the summer and winter (Minton Jr 1966). The female lays several clutches of one or two eggs annually (Szczerbak and Golubeve 1996). Longevity in the species has been recorded as between 17-23 years in captivity. The species attains reproductive age at two to three years and breeds for many years before attaining senescence. Given that longevity in the wild is likely to be lower than in captivity, the generation length is estimated at 10-15 years.
Threats listed in assessment
Major threats include habitat loss and severe fragmentation due to roads, development and urbanisation. Minor threats include driving off-road to target animals due to local stigma, and predation by feral cats. The major threats are ongoing and predicted to increase in the future and likely to affect the majority of the population (up to 90%).Due to its nocturnal activity in habitats away from residential areas, T. keyserlingii is an unknown species for most people, so has no local name. Villagers enter their livestock into these areas for grazing on the short grass cover. Most likely some aspects of behaviour and ecology of T. keyserlingii such as antipredator behaviour of hiding in the bushes, availability of insect prey, multidimensional interactions of this gecko with its insect prey and host plants of its prey, etc. are affected by feeding of livestock on the herbaceous cover of these areas (Gholamifard et al. 2015).Collection for the international pet trade is a threat to this species.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE
Assessment ID
330057
Taxon name
Cerastes gasperettii
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Cerastes gasperettii
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
reptilia
Order
squamata
Family
viperidae
Genus
Cerastes
Species
gasperettii
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Originally assessed for the UAE as the nominate subspecies, Cerastes gasperettii ssp. gasperettii Leviton & Anderson, 1967, but assessment moved to the species-level as only the nominate subspecies is present in the UAE. Indeed, the status of subspecies Cerastes gasperettii ssp. mendelssohni has been under dispute and the general consensus is that it might not be valid (J. Els pers. comm. 2018).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
Within the United Arab Emirates, the species is widespread throughout the sandy regions from Ras al Khaimah to the Saudi Arabian border. The species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, large population, presence in several Protected Areas throughout its range, and as it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. This taxon is not a non-breeding visitor, and it is presumed that any immigration from populations outside the UAE is not significant, and therefore there is no adjustment to the Category according to the IUCN regional and national Guidelines (IUCN 2012).
Year assessed
2018
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
Within the United Arab Emirates, this species is widespread throughout the sandy regions from Ras al Khaimah to the Saudi Arabian border (Gardner 2013, Burriel-Carranza et al. in press) from sea level to 400 m asl.Globally, the species distribution range includes the United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Oman, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, western Iran and Iraq.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Not_assigned
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species is found in desert and semi-desert areas, preferably with some sand (Gardner 2013).It is a nocturnal and terrestrial animal that may bask on winter days. It often partially buries itself in soft sand by shuffling sand to the sides with its flattened body until only the eyes, horns and snout show above the surfaces. It moves by sidewinding and may cover distances of up to one kilometre a night in search of food (Gardner 2013). Its diet includes rodents such as jerboas and gerbils, lizards and birds (Gardner 2013). Its oviparous with females laying 4-20 eggs which are round shaped and soft leathery, with an incubation period of 60-65 days. Not all individuals have a single enlarge scale (horn) above each eye, this occurrence is not limited to any specific locality as both horned and non-horned specimens can be found within the same area.
Threats listed in assessment
There are no major threats to the species, although parts of its distribution range are subject to urban and road development, and it may be persecuted as with all snakes.
Publication
Els, J., Allen, D., Hilton-Taylor, C., Harding, K. (2019). UAE National Red List of Herpetofauna: Amphibians & Terrestrial Reptiles, Sea Snakes & Marine Turtles. MOCCAE, UAE